Diagnostic significance of [-2]pro-PSA and prostate dimension-adjusted PSA-related indices in men with total PSA in the 2.0-10.0 ng/mL range.

Purpose: One of the most important issues to address when developing an optimal screening system for prostate cancer is investigating appropriate biopsy indications following serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements in order to maintain high sensitivity and avoid unnecessary biopsy.

Methods: Between April 2004 and December 2007, 239 consecutive men with total PSA levels of 2.0-10.

[Cholesterol granuloma of the kidney: a case report].

A 58-year-old woman was referred to our outpatient clinic for further examination of a mass detected in the right kidney on follow-up ultrasonography performed for active surveillance of right ovarian cancer. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a cyst (diameter, 30 mm) with an irregular wall in the middle of the right kidney. Right nephrectomy was performed since malignancy was suspected.

Rectal bleeding after high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: the relationship between dose-volume histogram parameters and the occurrence rate.

Purpose: To determine the predictive risk factors for Grade 2 or worse rectal bleeding after high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer using dose-volume histogram analysis.

Methods And Materials: The records of 216 patients treated with HDR-BT combined with EBRT were analyzed. The treatment protocols for HDR-BT were 5 Gy × five times in 3 days or 7 Gy × three, 10.

Proprostate-specific antigen: its usefulness in the era of multiple-core prostate biopsy.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-related markers, including the precursor form of PSA, using the full-range area under the curve of receiver operating characteristics (AUC-ROC), partial AUC-ROC (pAUC-ROC) and multiple logistic regression analyses.

Methods: Participants consisted of 257 consecutive men (PSA range 4.1-20 ng/mL) undergoing transrectal ultrasonography-guided age-adjusted and prostate volume-adjusted multiple-core prostate biopsy at Gunma University Hospital between January 2003 and May 2005.

Changes in baseline PSA levels in Japanese men from 1988 to 2003.

Objectives: According to epidemiologic surveys, the number of deaths from prostate cancer in Japanese men increased rapidly from 1970 to 2006. However, it is difficult to know the real incidence of, and mortality due to, prostate cancer because the reliability of death certificates and the cancer registry system in Japan are poor. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels could be one of the most important predictive factors for developing prostate cancer.

Nomogram ranking as new objective evaluation method in various treatment strategies for patients with prostate cancer with various clinicopathologic backgrounds.

Objectives: To propose a "nomogram ranking" that gives an objective assessment of any treatment strategy from various institutions. It is difficult to objectively compare treatment outcomes for patients with prostate cancer among institutions because of the large differences in the clinicopathologic backgrounds and treatment strategies.

Methods: From January 2001 to September 2005, 71 consecutive patients with locally advanced prostate cancer were treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and subsequent high-dose rate brachytherapy combined with long-term hormonal therapy.

Prostate-specific antigen kinetics in screen-detected prostate cancer in Japan.

Objectives: It would be of value to compare the features of prostate cancer detected in various screening series around the world. Recently, some studies have demonstrated the value of pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics in predicting the outcome of radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy for men with localized prostate cancer. Therefore, the distribution of PSA velocity (PSAV) or PSA doubling time in screen-detected prostate cancer might be objective parameters to investigate how well each national screening system is working.

Lead time of prostate cancer detected in population based screening for prostate cancer in Japan.

Purpose: We clarified that lead time bias in screen detected prostate cancer is important for evaluating the outcome of any individual screening system.

Materials And Methods: Between 1992 and 2001, 195 and 958 prostate cancer cases with clinical T1c/T2N0M0 and T3N0M0 disease were enrolled in the current study as screen detected and outpatient clinic detected prostate cancer, respectively. Log10 prostate specific antigen velocity was calculated using log10 prostate specific antigen at diagnosis and at the most recent screening before cancer detection.