Effects of exercise habits in adolescence and older age on sarcopenia risk in older adults: the Bunkyo Health Study.

Background: Sarcopenia, defined as an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a major risk factor for requiring long-term care. Because physical activity in adolescence and older age enhances peak muscle function in youth and prevents muscle function decline in older age, older adults with exercise habits during both periods may be at a lower risk for sarcopenia. We investigated the relationship between exercise habits in adolescence and older age and sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older Japanese adults.

Short-Term SGLT2 Inhibitor Administration Does Not Alter Systemic Insulin Clearance in Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Decreased insulin clearance could be a relatively upstream abnormality in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Previous studies have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) increases insulin-C-peptide ratio, a marker of insulin clearance, and improves metabolic parameters. We evaluated the effects of the SGLT2i tofogliflozin on metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) with a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp study, the gold standard for measuring systemic insulin clearance.

A Pilot Study of Intervention With a Mobile Application Visualizing the Macronutrient Content for Type 2 Diabetes at a Japanese Center.

Background: Estimating the nutritional content of food is essential for self-management in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but it is a difficult skill to learn. The aim of this study was to investigate how diabetes management was impacted by the ability of patients to search for items they ate from a database of 26,300 different foods, and to visualize nutritional intake using the Japanese mobile application (app) "Calomeal."

Methods: This was a single-arm, single-center, pilot study.

Prevalence and Features of Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Young Underweight Japanese Women.

Objective: In Japan, while it is known that underweight women over the age of 40 years have a high risk for type 2 diabetes, there is a lack of clarity on the association between glucose tolerance and underweight in younger women. Accordingly, we investigate the prevalence and features of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in young underweight Japanese women.

Designs And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 56 normal weight and 98 underweight young Japanese women and evaluated their glucose tolerance levels using an oral glucose tolerance test.

Adipose Insulin Resistance and Decreased Adiponectin Are Correlated With Metabolic Abnormalities in Nonobese Men.

Context: Adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized by decreased adiponectin (AN) levels and impaired adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (ATIS) and is associated with metabolic disorders. While Asians readily develop metabolic disease without obesity, it remains unclear how decreased AN level and impaired ATIS affect metabolic abnormalities in nonobese Asians.

Design And Setting: To investigate the relationships between decreased AN level, impaired ATIS, and metabolic abnormalities, we studied 94 Japanese men whose body mass index was less than 25 kg/m2.

A decrease in plasma glucose levels is required for increased endogenous glucose production with a single administration of a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor tofogliflozin.

Aim: To investigate whether changes in endogenous glucose production (EGP) and insulin and glucagon levels are elicited by the decrease in plasma glucose (PG) levels induced by the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor tofogliflozin.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated EGP in 12 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes under the conditions of no drugs administered (CON), single administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor tofogliflozin (TOF), and single administration of TOF with adjustment of PG levels with exogenous glucose infusion to mimic changes in PG levels observed with CON (TOF + G). We evaluated changes in EGP and levels of C-peptide and glucagon from baseline to 180 minutes after drug administration.