Histological subtypes of prostatic cancer: a comparative survival study.

Introduction: Variant histological subtypes of prostatic cancer occur uncommonly and are associated with poor survival, as has been ascertained through limited series and case reports. Here a population-based analysis of prostatic cancer is provided, to better analyze the survival behavior of these subtypes.

Materials And Methods: The American SEER registry was used to review prostatic cancer diagnosed from 1988 to 2003, classified according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology.

In vivo activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in man: effects of prednisolone and chenodesoxycholic acid.

The 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSDs) play a pivotal role in glucocorticoid (GC) action. 11β-HSD1 is a predominant reductase, activating GCs from inert metabolites, whereas 11β-HSD2 is a potent dehydrogenase inactivating GCs. Knowing the metabolic effects of GCs, a selective inhibition of 11β-HSD1 represents a potential target for therapy of impaired glucose tolerance, insulin insensitivity and central obesity.

Comparative immunohistochemical study of the stroma of serous and mucinous cystic neoplasms: possible histopathogenetic relationship of the 2 entities.

Objectives: Serous and mucinous cystic neoplasms (SCNs/MCNs) are the most common true cystic neoplasms of the pancreas and occur more frequently in women. The aim of this study was to characterize the stroma of SCNs to compare its phenotype with that of MCNs.

Methods: A total of 12 SCNs and 5 MCNs were analyzed immunohistochemically using the following antisera: progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), inhibin, CD10, and vimentin.

Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization Study of Non-papillary Oncocytic/Eosinophilic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Aims: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) and clear cell RCC (CRCC) can display extensive areas with oncocytic/eosinophilic changes and may be associated with either minimal papillary architecture. These nonpapillary oncocytic/eosinophilic RCC often mimic renal oncocytoma (RO). We investigated numeric changes of chromosomes 7, 17, and Y and loss of the small arm of chromosome 3 in the above-mentioned oncocytic RCC by using the florescent in-situ hybridization (FISH).

Relation between retinol, retinol-binding protein 4, transthyretin and carotid intima media thickness.

Objective: Retinol is transported in a complex with retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin (TTR) in the circulation. While retinol is associated with various cardiovascular risk factors, the relation between retinol, RBP4, TTR and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) has not been analysed yet.

Methods: Retinol, RBP4 and TTR were measured in 96 individuals and their relation to mean and maximal IMT was determined.

Transcriptional up-regulation of a novel ferritin homolog in abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino by dietary iron.

A novel cDNA encoding ferritin (HdhNFT) was cloned from the hepatopancreas of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. The deduced protein contains 171 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass (MW) about 19.8 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 4.

Cementless femoral fixation in total hip arthroplasty.

Cementless femoral fixation by means of bone ingrowth has been successful in total hip arthroplasty in patients with sufficient bone quality. Consistent bone ingrowth and resultant long-term success involve many factors, including surgical technique, initial mechanical stability achieved at time of implantation, stem design and material, and implant surface. One potential method for achieving faster, more consistent initial bone ingrowth is use of the osteoconductive ceramic hydroxyapatite.

Evolution of density fluctuation to a lamellar crystal in a poly(trimethylene terephthalate) film revealed by the resonance light scattering technique.

The dynamic process of cold crystallization of amorphous poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) was investigated with resonance light scattering (RLS). By using an enhanced scattering peak at 329 nm, which was in close proximity to the absorption band of PTT film, density fluctuation due to gradual transition from amorphous to crystalline with increasing temperature was monitored. Accordingly, molecular chains movement and structure evolution in PTT during cold crystallization, in particular, the information about each phase of crystallization, including induction, nucleation, nucleus growth and secondary crystallization, were thoroughly revealed.

Physiological modulation of circulating FGF21: relevance of free fatty acids and insulin.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), a novel metabolic factor in obesity and fasting metabolism, has been shown to be regulated by supraphysiological levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) under hyperinsulinemic conditions. Interestingly, it is still unclear whether the observed effects of FFAs on FGF-21 are relevant under physiological conditions, and the relative functions of FFAs and insulin within this context also need to be determined. Fourteen healthy men were studied in a randomized controlled crossover trial (RCT) using lipid heparin infusion (LHI) at a dose inducing physiological elevations of FFAs vs.

Interaction of dietary Bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide on the growth performance, non-specific immunity of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus.

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction of probiotic Bacillus subtilis and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on the growth performance, immunity, intestinal microflora and disease resistance of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). Five hundred and forty individuals (initial body weight: 5.06 +/- 0.

Relation between fibroblast growth factor-21, adiposity, metabolism, and weight reduction.

Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) has been proposed as a novel metabolic regulator, and animal experiments suggested that FGF-21 may affect energy balance. In humans, FGF-21 was correlated with obesity. Until now, no data exist regarding the relationship of FGF-21 and weight reduction in humans.

Molecular cloning, characterization and mRNA expression of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase from abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino in response to dietary selenium, zinc and iron.

A novel selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPX) was cloned from abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino (HdhGPx) by homology cloning with degenerate primers and RACE techniques. The full length of HdhGPx cDNA was 963bp with a 669bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 222 amino acids and a 101bp eukaryotic selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) in 3' untranslated region (UTR). It was showed that HdhGPx has a characteristic codon at (235)TGA(237) that corresponds to selenocysteine (SeC) as U(72).

Molecular cloning, characterization and mRNA expression of selenium-binding protein in abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino): Response to dietary selenium, iron and zinc.

Selenium-binding protein (SEBP) is believed to play crucial role in controlling the oxidation/reduction in the physiological processes. In this study, the cDNA of selenium-binding protein from abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino (HdhSEBP) was cloned by homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. The full length of HdhSEBP cDNA was 2071 bp, consisting of a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 55 bp, a 3' UTR of 522 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1494 bp.

Renal cell carcinoma with mixed features of papillary and clear cell cytomorphology: a fluorescent in situ hybridization study.

We performed fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to investigate the numeric change of chromosomes 7, 17, and Y and loss of chromosome 3p in "papillary renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with extensive clear cell changes (CCC)." Consecutive cases of RCC over a 12-year period were reviewed to identify "papillary RCC with extensive CCC." Immunostaining for cytokeratin 7 and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) and FISH for chromosomes 7, 17, Y, and 3p were applied.

Relation between physiological variation of renal function and carotid intima media thickness in non-diabetic individuals.

Aim: Moderate to severe renal insufficiency and albuminuria have been shown to be independent risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, the association between renal function and intima media thick-ness (IMT) in non-diabetic individuals is less clear. We therefore investigated the relation between renal function, established cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima media thickness in non-diabetic individuals.

Immunostaining as a diagnostic aid in cytopathologic study of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate preoperative diagnosis of low-grade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC) and urothelial neoplasms of unknown malignant potential (UMP UN) of the upper urinary tract (UUT) and its role in disease management, especially in the context of nephron-sparing treatment possibilities.

Study Design: Wash and brush ureteral specimens of LGUC/UMP UN of the UUT with histopathologic correlation were retrieved at our institution for 7 years and studied along with 7 ureteral specimens from nonneoplastic ureteral lesions.

Results: Of 30 specimens from 25 LGUC/UMP UN, 5 were negative for tumor cells and 3 showed cytologic atypia.

Circulating vaspin is unrelated to insulin sensitivity in a cohort of nondiabetic humans.

Objective: To study the association of vaspin with glucose metabolism.

Design: Cross-sectional and intervention study.

Subjects And Methods: The association of serum vaspin with metabolic and anthropometric characteristics was investigated in 108 volunteers.

Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma: a study of six cases and a meta-analytic study. Development of criteria for screening the entity with prognostic significance.

Aims: Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) is only described in case reports or in multi-institutional small series. The aim was to report cases seen at our institution and to perform a meta-analysis based on a literature review.

Methods And Results: Six EAML cases seen at our institution were reviewed and a meta-analysis performed using cases retrieved from a literature review.

A1C is associated with intima-media thickness in individuals with normal glucose tolerance.

Objective: One-hour glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was recently proposed as a valuable marker to identify individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and increased intima-media thickness (IMT). However, central markers of glycemic control were not considered. The aim of this study was to identify which marker of glycemic control is most informative with respect to the variation of IMT in individuals with NGT.

Urothelial carcinoma and prostatic adenocarcinoma presenting as collision tumors.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) commonly occur in elderly patients and share common carcinogenic factors that could be identified in the urine. The presence of one tumor is known to be associated with an increased incidence of the other. Simultaneous occurrence of PAC and UC in the prostate is not uncommon; however, urinary bladder location of both lesions has not yet been reported.

Incidence of 'squeaking' after ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty.

Unlabelled: The incidence of hip "squeak" associated with ceramic-on-ceramic bearings has been variably reported, ranging from 0.7% to 20.9%.

Acute hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia modify circulating adiponectin and its oligomers.

Objective: Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with low adiponectin levels, although adiponectin is exclusively expressed in white adipose tissue. The mechanism beyond that paradox is not entirely clear, although insulin itself may reduce circulating adiponectin levels. However, obesity is also associated with hyperlipidaemia and the effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides (TG) on circulating adiponectin levels have not yet been investigated.

Amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin stimulates the transcription of CYP1A possibly through AHR and ARNT in the liver of red sea bream Pagrus major.

To investigate the role of detoxification-related liver genes in amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin metabolism, red sea bream Pagrus major were exposed to domoic acid (DA, 2mugg(-1) wet weight) for 24h. Hepatic mRNA expression levels of AHR, ARNT, CYP1 and GSTs were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The cytosolic factors aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) mRNA levels of DA exposure group were substantially enhanced by 113.

Socioeconomic factors related to attendance at a Type 2 diabetes screening programme.

Aims: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing, and screening of high-risk populations is recommended. A low attendance rate has been observed in many Type 2 diabetes screening programmes, so that an analysis of factors related to attendance is therefore relevant. This paper analyses the association between socioeconomic factors and attendance for Type 2 diabetes screening.