Time perception deficit in children with ADHD.

Time perception deficit has been demonstrated in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by using time production and time reproduction tasks. The impact of motor demand, however, has not yet been fully examined. The current study, which is reported herein, aimed to investigate the pure time perception of Chinese children with ADHD by using a duration discrimination task.

Sexual abuse survivors and psychiatric hospitalization after bariatric surgery.

Background: Some investigators have postulated that a history of being the victim of childhood sexual abuse may impact outcome of bariatric surgery.

Methods: In this retrospective chart review, we examined the electronic medical records of 152 adults with morbid obesity who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and who had a weight recorded in their medical record or reported in a follow-up surgery at 2 years after the RYGBP. The purpose of this retrospective chart review was to examine the relationship between psychosocial factors assessed preoperatively and the percent of excess weight lost (%EWL) at 2 years after bariatric surgery.

Non-cytolytic antigen clearance in DNA-vaccinated mice with electroporation.

Aim: To explore the potential of electroporation (EP)-mediated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA vaccination for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.

Methods: BALB/c mice were vaccinated with HBV DNA vaccine encoding for the HBV preS(2)-S antigen, combined with or without EP. HBV surface antigen expression plasmid was administered into mice liver via a hydrodynamic injection to mimic HBV infection.

A microfabricated platform probing cytoskeleton dynamics using multidirectional topographical cues.

Cell migration, which involves complicated coordination of cytoskeleton elements and regulatory molecules, plays a central role in a large variety of biological processes from development, immune response to tissue regeneration. However, conventional methods to study in vitro cell migration are often limited to stimulating a cell along a single direction or at a single location. This restriction prevents a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that control the spatio-temporal dynamics of cytoskeleton.

Organization of the human medial preoptic nucleus.

The organization of the adult human medial preoptic nucleus was studied by using chemoarchitectonic markers for acetylcholinesterase, nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein (SMI-32), calbindin-D28k, neuropeptide Y (NPY), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), and 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine (CD15) to establish human homologs to the subnuclei making up MPO in the rat, where their connections and functional significance are better understood. The human MPO comprises three subnuclei, the medial MPO, the lateral MPO, and the dorsomedially positioned uncinate subnucleus. As in the rat, the human medial MPO is magnocellular and contains numerous NPY- and CART-immunoreactive fibers and terminals as well as calbindin-positive neurons.

[Change trend of clinical characteristics of aortic dissection over 10 years].

Objective: To discuss the clinical epidemiology features and change trend of aortic dissection (AD).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of consecutive 339 patients with AD over 10 years in Guangdong Cardiovascular Institution. Hospital records and prognosis were compared between two five-year periods.

[Overnight sleep structure of children with epilepsia].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of epilepsy on sleep in children.

Methods: Whole night polysomnography was performed in 48 epileptic children and 12 healthy controls. The 48 epileptic children were divided into focal seizure and generalized seizure groups and into waking seizure and sleeping seizure groups according to the time of occurrence of the seizures.

[Effects of botulinum toxin guided by electric stimulation on spasticity in ankle plantar flexor of children with cerebral palsy: a randomized trial].

Objective: To compare the effects of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection guided by electric stimulation combined with physiotherapy, with physiotherapy only on the spasticity of the ankle plantar flexor in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: After signing the informed consent, 43 children with CP, aged 52.4 +/- 13.

A two-decade spectrum of revisional bariatric surgery at a tertiary referral center.

Background: Ineffective weight loss or complications of previous bariatric surgery often require revisional bariatric procedures. Our aim was to define the indications, operative approach, and outcomes of revisional bariatric procedures during 2 decades at a tertiary center.

Methods: From our prospective database (n = 1584), including 1985-2004, 218 patients (14%) underwent revisional bariatric procedures.

Propagation of scrapie in peripheral nerves after footpad infection in normal and neurotoxin exposed hamsters.

As is known from various animal models, the spread of agents causing transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) after peripheral infection affects peripheral nerves before reaching the central nervous system (CNS) and leading to a fatal end of the disease. The lack of therapeutic approaches for TSE is partially due to the limited amount of information available on the involvement of host biological compartments and processes in the propagation of the infectious agent. The in vivo model presented here can provide information on the spread of the scrapie agent via the peripheral nerves of hamsters under normal and altered axonal conditions.

Bariatric surgery at the extremes of age.

The safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery in adolescents and especially in Medicare population have been challenged. Our aim was to determine short-term (30-day) and long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients>or=60 years and or=60 years and 12 patients View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The malabsorptive very, very long limb Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for super obesity: results in 257 patients.

Background: For the past 11 years, we have used a malabsorptive form of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), the "very, very long limb" RYGB, for selected patients with BMIs >50 kg/m(2) and in highly selected patients with BMI <50 kg/m(2). This modified distal gastric bypass establishes a 100-cm common channel (for digestion and absorption) and a "very, very" long Roux limb of 400 to 500 cm.

Methods: To determine long-term efficacy and complications, we followed prospectively 257 consecutive patients; 188 (73%) participated in a postoperative survey.

Impact of dysglycemia, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio on the prevalence of systemic hypertension in a lean Chinese population.

The purpose of this study was to explore whether dysglycemia, and/or an increased body mass index, and/or an increased waist/hip ratio increased the risk of hypertension in a lean population of South China. The association among dysglycemia, obesity, and hypertension has been well documented in Western populations. A stratified cluster sampling method was used according to the National Diabetes Mellitus Epidemiology Survey Program in 1998.

Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by various RNAi constructs and their pharmacodynamic properties.

The strategy of RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing has been suggested to have great potential in treating viral diseases. It provides new hope of being able to complement the limited therapeutic options currently available for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. To advance such a strategy towards clinical use, the effects of various parameters on the anti-HBV efficiency of RNAi need to be well-defined.

Thyroid gland tumor diagnosis at US elastography.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the elastographic appearance of thyroid gland tumors and explore the potential sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonographic (US) elastography for differentiating benign and malignant tumors, with histopathologic analysis as the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: The study was institutional review board approved, and each patient gave written informed consent. Fifty-two thyroid gland lesions (22 malignant, 30 benign) in 31 consecutive patients (six men, 25 women; mean age, 49.

Opioid dosing trends and mortality in Washington State workers' compensation, 1996-2002.

Background: The use of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain has increased in the United States since state laws were relaxed in the late 1990s. These policy changes occurred despite scanty scientific evidence that chronic use of opioids was safe and effective.

Methods: We examined opiate prescriptions and dosing patterns (from computerized databases, 1996 to 2002), and accidental poisoning deaths attributable to opioid use (from death certificates, 1995 to 2002), in the Washington State workers' compensation system.

[Analyze of the clinical characteristics in children with the severe abnormal auditory brainstem response and normal distortion product otoacoustic emission].

Objective: To explore the clinic and audiological characteristics of auditory neuropathy in children.

Methods: Between 2002 and 2004, ninety-eight cases with the severe abnormal results of ABR and the normal results of DPOAE were enrolled in the study group. The mean patient age was 9 months, with a range of 1 month to 5 years.

Caveolin-1 mediates the expression and localization of cathepsin B, pro-urokinase plasminogen activator and their cell-surface receptors in human colorectal carcinoma cells.

Cathepsin B and pro-urokinase plasminogen activator (pro-uPA) localize to the caveolae of HCT 116 human colorectal carcinoma cells, an association mediated by active K-RAS. In this study, we established a stable HCT 116 cell line with a gene encoding antisense caveolin-1 (AS-cav-1) to examine the effects of caveolin-1, the main structural protein of caveolae, on the expression and localization of cathepsin B and pro-uPA, and their cell-surface receptors p11 and uPA receptor (uPAR), respectively. AS-cav-1 HCT 116 cells secreted less procathepsin B than control (empty vector) cells as measured by immunoblotting and pepsin activation of the proenzyme.

Cathepsin B and tumor proteolysis: contribution of the tumor microenvironment.

Tumor-stromal interactions induce expression of matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteases and, as shown recently, the cysteine protease cathepsin B. We speculate that such interactions upregulate the transcription factor Ets1, resulting in increased cathepsin B expression. This would be consistent with the observed concomitant upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteases as well as with the ability of extracellular matrices and their binding partners to alter cathepsin B expression and secretion.

CD15 immunoreactivity in the developing brain of a marsupial, the tammar wallaby ( Macropus eugenii).

We have studied the distribution of the CD15 epitope in the developing brain of an Australian diprotodontid metatherian mammal, the tammar wallaby ( Macropus eugenii), using immunohistochemistry in conjunction with hematoxylin and eosin staining. At the time of birth (28 days after conception), CD15 immunoreactivity labeled somata in the primordial plexiform layer of the parietal cortex in a similar position to that seen in the early fetal eutherian brain. CD15 immunoreactivity in the brain of the developing pouch-young wallaby was found to be localized on the surface of radial glia at boundaries between developmentally significant forebrain compartments in a similar distribution to that seen in developing eutherian brain.

Treatment for severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia in children.

Objective: To explore the treating method for severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia in children.

Methods: We treated 58 children with severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia through evacuating the hematomas, incising the tentorium but preserving the floating bone flap between January 1996 and January 2002.

Results: GCS was 3-5 in 17 cases and 6-8 in 41 cases.

Unsatisfactory weight loss after vertical banded gastroplasty: is conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass successful?

Background: In 1991, the National Institutes of Health sanctioned 2 operations for treatment of morbid obesity: vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Long-term results with VBG are disappointing. We wondered whether patients who had "adapted" to the VBG anatomy and had regained weight would lose weight after conversion to RYGB.

Early processing of Bid and caspase-6, -8, -10, -14 in the canine brain during cardiac arrest and resuscitation.

A clinically relevant model of transient global brain ischemia involving cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation in dogs was utilized to study the expression and proteolytic processing of apoptosis-regulatory proteins. In the hippocampus, an increase in pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-XS and Bak was detected, concomitant with proteolysis of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Also, biphasic cleavage of Bid was found in this region of the brain, with early generation of tBid-p11 within 10 min of cardiac arrest, followed by generation of tBid-p15 within 30-min reperfusion, consistent with activation of this pro-apoptotic protein.