Background: Congenital femoral deficiency (CFD) presents a significant challenge in pediatric orthopaedics, characterized by a spectrum of congenital anomalies ranging from mild femoral shortening to complete absence of the proximal femur and hip joint. This review aims at reviewing the latest concepts of femoral limb lengthening modalities in treating CFD, to explore the efficacy, complications, and long-term outcomes of various surgical techniques.
Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was performed for clinical studies involving lengthening in patients with proximal focal femoral deficiency (PFFD) in several databases.