Four New Flavonoid C-Glycosides Isolated from Achyranthes aspera and Their Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activities.

A chemical study of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Achyranthes aspera led to the isolation of four new flavonoid C-glycosides (1-4) along with eight known analogs (5-12). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic data analysis, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. All the isolates were evaluated their NO production inhibitory activity in LPS-activated RAW264.

Modified gracilis muscle flap in facial reanimation: U-shaped design.

Background: Surgical treatment of long-term facial palsy has been reported using various techniques, including functioning muscle-free flaps. The free gracilis muscle flap is the most common because of its many advantages. Our study presents a modified way of shaping the gracilis muscle for transfer to the face to improve the restoration of natural smiles.

Density and Polarization States of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

Background: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are 100 times more likely to develop cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with greater metastatic propensity compared with the general population, likely due to chronic immunosuppression and adverse drug effects on keratinocytes. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play critical roles in malignancies, either aiding in eradication of malignant cells or promoting tumor growth.

Objective: The authors examined whether TAM density and polarization states differ between SOTRs and nontransplant individuals.