Lower Dose of 5 mL of 1% Lidocaine is More Suitable than the Conventional 10 mL for Caudal Block in Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: In Japan, caudal block with 1% lidocaine is commonly used for transrectal prostate biopsy. Although 10 mL of 1% lidocaine is commonly used, the appropriate dosage of 1% lidocaine has not been studied. Our hospital routinely uses two different doses (5 or 10 mL) of 1% lidocaine for caudal block for transrectal prostate biopsy.

Adenocarcinoma in ectopic prostatic tissue at the trigone of urinary bladder.

Introduction: Ectopic prostatic tissue is prostatic tissue located distant from the prostate gland. Although its existence is not uncommon, the occurrence of adenocarcinoma in ectopic prostatic tissue is rare.

Case Presentation: A 68-year-old man was suspected to have a nodular-type tumor in the bladder trigone and a tumor in the prostate based on magnetic resonance imaging and cystoscopy results.

[A Case of Panperitonitis Due to Bladder Rupture Caused by Spinal Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer].

A 74-year-old patient was undergoing treatment for ascending colon cancer (cT4aN2M1a) in the Department of Surgery at our hospital. During treatment for increased lymph node metastasis and spinal metastasis, she complained of numbness in her dorsal thigh. Magnetic resonance imaging showed spinal canal stenosis due to L4 bone metastasis.

Assessment of bone health in patients with prostate cancer using cancer staging computed tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of vertebral Hounsfield unit (HU) values from computed tomography (CT) in cancer staging as a supplementary screening tool for bone health among prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Methods: T-scores of bone mineral density (BMD) in each lumbar vertebra (L1-L4) and hip for newly diagnosed PCa patients (N = 139) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The degenerative changes in each lumbar vertebra were assessed, and the HU values of trabecular bone in axial CT images of each vertebral body (vertebral CT-HU value) were measured using staging CT.

Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy reveals reduced prefrontal activation in schizophrenia patients during performance of the kana Stroop task.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the activity of frontal lobe of patients with schizophrenia during performance of two Japanese versions of the Stroop task (kana and kanji) by measuring changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Fourteen schizophrenia patients and 14 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects participated in the study after giving consent. The relative changes of concentrations of oxyHb were measured by NIRS during performance of the Stroop task.

Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy shows reduced activation in the prefrontal cortex during facial expression processing in pervasive developmental disorder.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether individuals with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) show differential activation during an emotional activation task compared with age- and sex-matched controls, by measuring changes in the concentration of oxygenated (oxyHb) and deoxygenated (deoxyHb) hemoglobin, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Methods: Fourteen patients with PDD and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls participated in the study. The relative changes of concentrations of oxyHb and deoxyHb were measured on NIRS during an implicit processing task of fearful expression using Japanese standard faces.