Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Children Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Among hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in children, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common after blood stream infection (BSI). VAP can prolong length of ventilation and hospitalization, increase mortality rate, and directly change a patient's outcome in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU).

Objectives: The research on VAP in children is limited, especially in Iran; therefore, the identification of VAP incidence and mortality rate will be important for both clinical and epidemiological implications.

Risk factors of unplanned extubation in pediatric intensive care unit.

Background: Unplanned extubation (UE) is an unprecedented happening in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU); which may lead to severe complications in patients. The risk factors of UE have been discussed but much details are still required in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate predisposing and risk factors of unplanned extubation in PICU.

Tracheoesophageal fistula following disc battery ingestion and foreign body impaction.

Background: Ingestion of foreign bodies may result in the formation of a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), which causes severe morbidity in children. We describe four cases of TEF, who underwent emergent surgery for repair.

Case Presentation: In this report, we present about four patients aged between 9 months to 2.