Cost-Effectiveness of Health Literacy Enhancement Intervention on Patients with Type II Diabetes.

Background: Type II diabetes is considered a chronic disease that influences the affected person's quality of life and imposes a high economic burden on the patient and society. The enhancement of health literacy seems essential for self-management and disease control in patients with type II diabetes. Consequently, this study was performed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of enhanced health literacy in type II diabetes patients.

Patient Priority Weighting of the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire Does Not Change Results of the Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections for Spinal Stenosis Trial.

Study Design: Secondary analysis of lumbar epidural steroid injections for spinal stenosis randomized controlled trial data.

Objective: To reevaluate whether outcomes for older adults receiving epidural steroid injections with or without corticosteroid improve after using patient-prioritized Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) items.

Summary Of Background Data: Epidural corticosteroid injections are commonly used to treat lumbar spinal stenosis symptoms, despite limited evidence for their effectiveness in clinical trials.

Association of Smoking Habits of Mother during Pregnancy with Pregnancy Outcome.

Background: The objectives of this work were to study the association of maternal smoking habits with stillbirths, abortions, neonatal deaths, birth weights, placental weights and the outcomes on the 28(th) day of life.

Methods: A questionnaire was developed and completed with the hospitals' recorded data collected over a period of 5 years from 47,000 babies born in several hospitals in Ontario, Canada. The mothers were classified into four categories: non-smokers, light smokers (less than 10 cigarettes per day), moderate smokers (between 10 and 19 cigarettes per day) and heavy smokers (20 or more cigarettes per day).