The Open, Randomized, Positive Control Clinical Trial of Guluronic Acid (G2013) on SARS-CoV-2 Patients.

Introduction: Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, with a vast spectrum of clinical and paraclinical symptoms has been a major health concern worldwide. Therapeutical management of COVID-19 includes antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs. NSAIDs, as the second-line therapy, are often prescribed to relieve the symptoms of COVID-19.

Evaluation of the Effect of α-L-Guluronic Acid (G2013) on COX-1, COX-2 Activity and Gene Expression for Introducing this Drug as a Novel NSAID with Immunomodulatory Property.

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to treat the pathological pain and inflammation through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme and disruption of the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs). The α-L-guluronic acid (G2013) patented (PCT/EP2017/067920), as a novel NSAID with the immunomodulatory property, has been shown its positive effects in experimental models of multiple sclerosis and anti-aging.

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of G2013 on the gene expression and activity of COX-1/COX-2 enzymes in order to introduce a novel NSAID for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Effect of β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) on Oxidative Stress Enzymes' Gene Using Healthy Donor Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Evaluating the Anti-Aging Property.

Objective: This research aimed to study the anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects of low and high doses of the β-D-mannuronic (M2000) on gene expression of enzymes involved in oxidative stress (including SOD2, GST, GPX1, CAT, iNOS, and MPO) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors under in vitro conditions.

Methods: The PBMCs were separated and the RNAs were then extracted and the cDNAs synthesized, and expression levels of the mentioned genes were detected by qRT-PCR.

Results: Our results indicated that the high dose of this drug could significantly reduce the expression level of the SOD2 gene compared to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (p < 0.

Introduction of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property based on COX-1/COX-2 activity and gene expression.

Background: The NSAIDs which inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes are among medications widely used to treat pain and inflammation. These drugs cause digestive complications resulting in inhibition of the COX-1 enzyme, while the inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme has therapeutic effects. Therefore research focuses on the production of medications that specifically inhibit the COX-2 enzyme.

An in vitro evaluation of anti-aging effect of guluronic acid (G2013) based on enzymatic oxidative stress gene expression using healthy individuals PBMCs.

Background: Aging is usually associated with increased levels of oxidants, and may result in damages caused by oxidative stress. There is a direct relationship between aging and increased incidence of inflammatory diseases. The present research intended to study the anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects of the drug G2013 (guluronic acid) at low and high doses on the genes expression of a number of enzymes involved in oxidative stress (including SOD2, GPX1, CAT, GST, iNOS, and MPO) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy individuals under in vitro conditions.