Mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes: a new era in cardiac regeneration.

Despite significant strides in medical treatments and surgical procedures for cardiovascular diseases, these conditions continue to be a major global health concern. The persistent need for innovative therapeutic approaches to mend damaged heart tissue highlights the complexity and urgency of this medical challenge. In recent years, stem cells have emerged as a promising tool for tissue regeneration, but challenges such as graft rejection and tumor formation have limited their clinical application.

Unveiling exosomes: Cutting-edge isolation techniques and their therapeutic potential.

Exosomes are one type of nanosized membrane vesicles with an endocytic origin. They are secreted by almost all cell types and play diverse functional roles. It is essential for research purposes to differentiate exosomes from microvesicles and isolate them from other components in a fluid sample or cell culture medium.

Enhancing bone regeneration: Unleashing the potential of magnetic nanoparticles in a microtissue model.

Bone tissue engineering addresses the limitations of autologous resources and the risk of allograft disease transmission in bone diseases. In this regard, engineered three-dimensional (3D) models emerge as biomimetic alternatives to natural tissues, replicating intracellular communication. Moreover, the unique properties of super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were shown to promote bone regeneration via enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone models.

Cardiac tissue engineering: an emerging approach to the treatment of heart failure.

Heart failure is a major health problem in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It is a progressive disease that becomes more severe over time and can be caused by a variety of factors, including heart attack, cardiomyopathy and heart valve disease. There are various methods to cure this disease, which has many complications and risks.

The effects of simvastatin-loaded nanoliposomes on human multilineage liver fibrosis microtissue.

In this in vitro study, for the first time, we evaluate the effects of simvastatin-loaded liposome nanoparticles (SIM-LipoNPs) treatment on fibrosis-induced liver microtissues, as simvastatin (SIM) has shown potential benefits in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease process. We developed multicellular liver microtissues composed of hepatic stellate cells, hepatoblastoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The microtissues were supplemented with a combination of palmitic acid and oleic acid to develop fibrosis models.

CAR-T cell-derived exosomes: a new perspective for cancer therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell adoptive immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment that uses genetically engineered T cells to attack tumors. However, this therapy can have some adverse effects. CAR-T cell-derived exosomes are a potential alternative to CAR-T cells that may overcome some limitations.

Effect of amniotic membrane/collagen scaffolds on laryngeal cartilage repair.

Objectives: Laryngeal cartilage defects are a major problem that greatly impacts structural integrity and function. Cartilage repair is also a challenging issue. This study evaluated the efficacy of a collagen scaffold enveloped by amniotic membrane (AM/C) on laryngeal cartilage repair.

Potential advantages of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases.

Liver damage caused by toxicity can lead to various severe conditions, such as acute liver failure (ALF), fibrogenesis, and cirrhosis. Among these, liver cirrhosis (LC) is recognized as the leading cause of liver-related deaths globally. Unfortunately, patients with progressive cirrhosis are often on a waiting list, with limited donor organs, postoperative complications, immune system side effects, and high financial costs being some of the factors restricting transplantation.

Optimizing artificial meniscus by mechanical stimulation of the chondrocyte-laden acellular meniscus using ad hoc bioreactor.

Background: Tissue engineering focuses on reconstructing the damaged meniscus by mimicking the native meniscus. The application of mechanical loading on chondrocyte-laden decellularized whole meniscus is providing the natural microenvironment. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of dynamic compression and shear load on chondrocyte-laden decellularized meniscus.

Engineered artificial articular cartilage made of decellularized extracellular matrix by mechanical and IGF-1 stimulation.

Cartilage engineering has the potential to overcome clinical deficiency in joint disorders. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has great biocompatibility and bioactivity and can be considered an appropriate natural scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Both insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and mechanical compression stimulate the production of cartilage ECM, modulate mechanical properties, and gene expression.

Synergistic impact of platelet rich plasma-heparin sulfate with hydroxyapatite/zirconia on the osteoblast differentiation potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

3D porous hydroxyapatite (HA) has been reinforced by zirconia (ZrO) coating and impregnation with a combination of platelet rich plasma (PRP) as a source of growth factors (GFs) and Heparin sulfate (HS) to sustain the release of GFs. Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) were characterized by flow cytometry for CD (cluster of differentiation) 44, CD105, CD106, CD34 and CD144, along with checking the multipotency by differentiation into the adipocytes and osteoblasts. Then, they were cultured on the scaffold treated with and without osteogenic media on days 7, 14 and 21.

Novel strategy of cartilage repairing via application of P. atlantica with stem cells and collagen.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory joint condition, still lacking effective treatments. Some factors consider as the main causes of OA, including biochemical, mechanical, and genetic factors. The growth of studies confirmed that modern medicine in combination with folk medicine regarding the arrival of reliable, efficient, and safe therapeutic products against OA.

AICAR and nicotinamide treatment synergistically augment the proliferation and attenuate senescence-associated changes in mesenchymal stromal cells.

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) stemness capacity diminishes over prolonged in vitro culture, which negatively affects their application in regenerative medicine. To slow down the senescence of MSCs, here, we have evaluated the in vitro effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an AMPK activator, and nicotinamide (NAM), an activator of sirtuin1 (SIRT1).

Methods: Human adipose-derived MSCs were cultured to passage (P) 5.

Concomitant use of mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells for treatment of spinal cord injury: A combo cell therapy approach.

with neural stem cells (NSCs) provides a hope to recover the neural damage and compensate for the lost neural structures for restoration of interrupted neural communications above and below the site of injury. However, cell-based therapy approach suffers from many biological barriers and technical caveats which severely hamper the prognosis. The biochemically-rich microenvironment at the site of spinal cord injury (SCI), the continuing neuro-degenerative process and infiltrating immune cells offer a serious barrier to the donor cells.

Nicorandil potentiates sodium butyrate induced preconditioning of neurons and enhances their survival upon subsequent treatment with HO.

Background: Extensive loss of donor neural stem cell (NSCs) due to ischemic stress and low rate of differentiation at the site of cell graft are two of the major issues that hamper optimal outcome in NSCs transplantation studies. Given that histone deacetylases (HDACs) modulate various cellular processes by deacetylating histones and non-histone proteins, we hypothesized that combined treatment with small molecules, sodium butyrate (NaB; a known HDAC inhibitor) and nicorandil, will enhance the rate neuronal differentiation of NSCs besides their preconditioning to resist oxidative stress.

Methods: NSCs derived from 14-day old Sprague Dawley rat ganglion eminence were characterized for tri-lineage differentiation.

Differentiation Potential of Breast Milk-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Hepatocyte-Like Cells.

Human breast milk stem cells (hBSCs) contain a population of cells with the ability to differentiate into various cell lineages for cell therapy applications. The current study examined the differentiation potential of hBSCs into hepatocytes-like cells. The cells were isolated from the breast milk and were treated with hepatogenic medium containing hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor and dexamethasone for 7 days subsequently; Oncostatin M was added to the culture media.

Fabrication and characterization of platelet-rich plasma scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), as a rich source of growth factor, can form a fibrin gel that recapitulates the extracellular matrix of the tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of CaCl on the PRP scaffold structure which in turn could change the cell's behavior. PRP was mixed with 2.

Partial replacement of left hemidiaphragm in dogs by either cryopreserved or decellularized heterograft patch.

Objectives: Large diaphragmatic defects are still a challenging issue for reconstruction using either synthetic prosthesis or bioprosthesis. To evaluate the possibility of using diaphragm allograft as a natural bioprosthesis in humans, we conducted a two-group study and compared cryopreserved and decellularized diaphragmatic heterograft patched in a canine model.

Methods: At the end of organ harvesting from a human donor, the left hemidiaphragm was taken to the laboratory in phosphate-buffered saline solution.

The Preventive Effects of Neural Stem Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Intra-ventricular Injection on Brain Stroke in Rats.

Introduction: Stroke is one of the most important causes of disability in developed countries and, unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for this major problem of central nervous system (CNS); cell therapy may be helpful to recover this disease. In some conditions such as cardiac surgeries and neurosurgeries, there are some possibilities of happening brain stroke. Inflammation of CNS plays an important role in stroke pathogenesis, in addition, apoptosis and neural death could be the other reasons of poor neurological out come after stroke.

Origins of the breast milk-derived cells; an endeavor to find the cell sources.

Fresh human breast milk consists of a heterogeneous population of cells that may offer a non-invasive source of cells for therapeutic proposes. The aims of this study were to characterize the breast milk-derived cells cultured in vitro. To do this, the cells from human breast milk were cultured and the expression of the CD markers along with the embryonic stem cell markers, endothelial and luminal mammary epithelial cell markers was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence.

Differentiation of human breast-milk stem cells to neural stem cells and neurons.

Objectives. Human breast milk contains a heterogeneous population of cells that have the potential to provide a noninvasive source of cells for cell therapy in many neurodegenerative diseases without any ethical concern. The objectives of this study were to differentiate the breast milk-derived stem cells (BMDSC) toward neural stem cells and then into the neurons and neuroglia.