Does Morphine Exposure Before Gestation Change Anxiety-Like Behavior During Morphine Dependence in Male Wistar Rats?

Background: Anxiety is one of the comorbid disorders of opioid addiction, which leads to opioid abuse or persuades people to engage in opioid abuse. Evidence revealed that morphine exposure before conception changes the offspring's phenotype. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of morphine dependence and abstinence on anxiety-like behavior in morphine-exposed and drug-naïve offspring.

Inter/Transgenerational Effects of Drugs of Abuse: A Scoping Review.

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder that makes it a global problem. Genetics and environmental factors are the two most important factors that make someone vulnerable to drug addiction. Investigations in the past decade highlighted the role of epigenetics in the inter/transgenerational inheritance of drug addiction.

The role of cannabinoid 1 receptor in the nucleus accumbens on tramadol induced conditioning and reinstatement.

Aims: Previous investigations demonstrated that tramadol, as a painkiller, similar to morphine induces tolerance and dependence. Furthermore, the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) located in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in morphine-induced conditioning. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the role of NAc CB1R in tramadol induced conditioning and reinstatement.