Novel prognostic nomogram for predicting recurrence-free survival in medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Aims: Recently, there have been attempts to improve prognostication and therefore better guide treatment for patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). In 2022, the International MTC Grading System (IMTCGS) was developed and validated using a multi-institutional cohort of 327 patients. The aim of the current study was to build upon the findings of the IMTCGS to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) in MTC.

Association of the Genomic Profile of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma with Tumor Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in an International Multicenter Study.

The prognostic importance of and mutations and their relationship to clinicopathologic parameters and outcomes in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) need to be clarified. A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed utilizing data from 290 patients with MTC. The molecular profile was determined and associations were examined with clinicopathologic data and outcomes.

A Detailed Histologic and Molecular Assessment of the Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Diffuse sclerosing variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (DS-PTC) is characterized clinically by a predilection for children and young adults, bulky neck nodes, and pulmonary metastases. Previous studies have suggested infrequent BRAF mutation but common RET gene rearrangements. Using strict criteria, we studied 43 DS-PTCs (1.

Gene expression profiling of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Aim: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the lowest survival rate of all major cancers. Chemotherapy is the mainstay systemic therapy for PDAC, and chemoresistance is a major clinical problem leading to therapeutic failure. This study aimed to identify key differences in gene expression profile in tumors from chemoresponsive and chemoresistant patients.

A novel prognostic nomogram for predicting survival in diffuse pleural mesothelioma.

Recent advances in the management of diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM) have increased interest in prognostication and risk stratification on the basis that maximum benefit of combination immunotherapy appears to be seen in patients who otherwise would have the worst prognosis. Various grading schemes have been proposed, including the recently published Mesothelioma Weighted Grading Scheme (MWGS). However, predictive modelling using deep learning algorithms is increasingly regarded as the gold standard in prognostication.

What are the problems with the current staging of discontinuous tumour nodules (DTNs) in colorectal carcinoma? Is there a better way?

Discontinuous extramural tumour nodules (DTNs) are deposits of metastatic carcinoma in soft tissue not associated with lymph nodes. Although they are established as an adverse prognostic factor in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), under the AJCC eighth edition staging system their presence does not upstage patients who also have lymph node metastases. Counterintuitively, in some situations the presence of lymph node metastases may in effect downstage a patient with DTNs from pN1c to pN1a/b.

A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Analysis of Fumarate Hydratase-deficient Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma.

Up to 40% of pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are hereditary. Germline mutations/deletions in fumarate hydratase ( FH ) cause hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome which manifests predominantly with FH-deficient uterine/cutaneous leiomyomas and renal cell carcinomas (RCCs)-tumors characterized by loss of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of FH and/or positive staining for S-(2-succino)-cysteine. Occasional patients develop PCC/PGL.

Deep Sequencing of Early T Stage Colorectal Cancers Reveals Disruption of Homologous Recombination Repair in Microsatellite Stable Tumours with High Mutational Burdens.

Early T stage colorectal cancers (CRC) that invade lymph nodes (Stage IIIA) are rare and greatly under-represented in large-scale genomic mapping projects. We retrieved 10 Stage IIIA CRC cases, matched these to 16 Stage 1 CRC cases (T1 depth without lymph node metastasis) and carried out deep sequencing of 409 genes using the IonTorrent system. Tumour mutational burdens (TMB) ranged from 2.

Switch/sucrose-non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex (SMARCA4, SMARCA2, INI1/SMARCB1)-deficient colorectal carcinomas are strongly associated with microsatellite instability: an incidence study in 4508 colorectal carcinomas.

Aims: Loss of expression of mammalian switch/sucrose-non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) [BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF)] complex subunits, including SMARCA4, SMARCA2 and INI1/SMARCB1 (termed SWI/SNF complex deficiency), has been reported in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) but its frequency and clinical significance are uncertain.

Methods And Results: We performed immunohistochemistry for SMARCA4, SMARCA2 and SMARCB1 on 4508 consecutive resected CRCs. Loss of SMARCA4 expression was found in 13 cases (0.

The Anatomy of Nerve Transfers Used in Tetraplegic Hand Reconstruction.

Purpose: To evaluate the anatomy of nerve transfers used to reconstruct wrist extension, hand opening, and hand closing in tetraplegic patients.

Methods: Nerve transfers were completed on 18 paired cadaveric upper limbs. The overlap of donor and recipient nerves was measured, as well as the distance to the target muscle.

Molecular Features of Lymph Node Metastasis in T1/2 Colorectal Cancer from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Archival Specimens.

Histological risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in early-stage colorectal cancers (CRC) have been described, although the predictive utility of these factors varies. Improved LNM risk assessment based on findings in endoscopic colon and rectal excisions is necessary for optimal surgical management of CRC patients with pathologic T1- /T2-staged invasive depth (i.e.

Tissue biomarker panel as a surrogate marker for squamous subtype of pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been recently classified into four subtypes based on the gene expression levels, with squamous subtype having worst prognostic outcomes. However, gene expression analysis for each individual patient is not clinically feasible due to very high associated cost. We previously reported that levels of three biomarkers (S100A4, Ca-125 and Mesothelin) can be used to classify PDAC patients based on their survival outcomes.

Ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma disguising as heterotopic pregnancy.

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in pregnancy is rare but is typically aggressive, with a 1-year survival rate of 23%. One of the complications of HCC is spontaneous rupture, resulting in haemoperitoneum. A 36-year-old pregnant Chinese immigrant who was positive for hepatitis B virus and in her first trimester presented to the emergency department of Wyong Hospital, Hamlyn Terrace, New South Wales, Australia, with severe epigastric and right upper quadrant pain and haemodynamic instability.

Loss of expression of BAP1 is a useful adjunct, which strongly supports the diagnosis of mesothelioma in effusion cytology.

Although most mesotheliomas present with pleural effusions, it is controversial whether mesothelioma can be diagnosed with confidence in effusion cytology. Therefore, an ancillary marker of malignant mesothelial cells applicable in effusions would be clinically valuable. BRCA-1-associated protein (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor gene, which shows biallelic inactivation in approximately half of all mesotheliomas.

Aminolevulinic Acid-photodynamic therapy of Basal cell carcinoma and factors affecting the response to treatment: a clinical trial.

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer in humans. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality that may be considered as a valuable treatment option for BCC. This study was designed with the aim of evaluating the efficacy of PDT in treatment of BCC and factors that may affect the response rate.