Novel versatile 3D bio-scaffold made of natural biocompatible hagfish exudate for tissue growth and organoid modeling.

Hagfish exudate is a natural biological macromolecule made of keratin intermediate filament protein skeins and mucin vesicles. Here, we successfully examined this remarkable biomaterial as a substrate for three-dimensional (3D) cell culturing purposes. After the sterilization with chloroform vapor, Dulbecco's modified eagle medium was mixed with the exudate to rupture the vesicles and skeins; a highly soft, adherent, fibrous and biocompatible hydrogel was formed.

Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed hydrogelation for biomedical applications.

Hydrogels catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) serve as an efficient and effective platform for biomedical applications due to their mild reaction conditions for cells, fast and adjustable gelation rate in physiological conditions, and an abundance of substrates as water-soluble biocompatible polymers. In this review, we highlight the tunable characteristics and use of the HRP-catalyzed hydrogels and provide a brief overview of various substrates employed in the HRP system for different biomedical applications of the resultant hydrogels. In addition, we discuss and summarize the biocompatibility, possible functionalization, and biofabrication process.