Impact of Adolescent's Obesity in Cardiac Function: An Association of Cardiac Structural and Metabolic Risk Factors with Physical Fitness.

Background Elderly obese results metabolic, cardiac structural and functional derangements. However, such alterations including physical fitness in early age obesity are still controversial. Objective To evaluate physical fitness, cardiac structural, functional and metabolic remodeling and their association with obesity markers in adolescents.

Pre-eclampsia among Pregnant Women Admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a Tertiary Care Centre.

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder with maternal and neonatal complications. Many studies are done regarding the prevalence of pre-eclampsia in Nepal but ascertaining the maternal risk factors and fetal outcomes are important. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care centre.

Comparison of Spirometric Parameters in different Postures among Young Healthy Volunteers.

Background: Spirometry is the most common pulmonary function tests that specifically measures volume and flow of air during respiration. It helps to identify obstructive and restrictive diseases of the lungs. The alterations of the results in spirometry can happen even in normal health due to change in body postures that alter lung volumes and muscle biomechanics.

Electro-physiological Changes in the Central Nervous System by Visual Evoked Potential in Diabetic Patients.

Background: Increasing sedentary lifestyle in today's world has increased the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus. Loss of vision due to diabetic retinopathy is a major public health burden. Visual evoked potential identifies the neuronal degenerative changes in chronic metabolic disorders specially Diabetes Mellitus.

Early Canities among Undergraduate Medical Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Early canities are the premature greying of hair before the age of 25 years in Asians. The condition is a matter of concern for young adults aesthetically. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of early canities among undergraduate medical students of a medical college.

Stakeholder perspectives on current determinants of ultrasound-guided thoracentesis in resource limited settings: a qualitative study.

Objective: Preprocedure pleural fluid localization using bedside ultrasound has been shown to reduce complications related to thoracentesis and is now considered the standard of care. However, ultrasound-guided thoracentesis (USGT) has not been broadly adopted in many low-resource settings. With increasing affordability and portability of ultrasound equipment, barriers to USGT are changing.

The Postural Effects on Electrical Activities of Heart in Apparently Healthy Young Adults.

Background The electrical activities of heart recorded as electrocardiogram (ECG) are mostly done in supine postures. The body postural changes have effects in these electrical activities in heart which needs to be properly recognized. Objective To find the variations in electrocardiogram during postural changes from supine to upright i.

Validity of Elite-HRV Smartphone Application for Measuring Heart Rate Variability Compared to Polar V800 Heart Rate Monitor.

Background: With technological advancement, it has become very easy to obtain heart rate variability data with handy heart rate monitors as well as smartphone applications. This study was conducted to assess the validity of Elite HRV smartphone application to measure time domain heart rate variability indices at rest, in comparison to Polar V-800 heart rate monitor.

Methods: Heart rate variability data were acquired from twenty apparently healthy male medical students in supine position after simultaneously connecting Polar V800 and Elite HRV to chest-worn Polar H7 sensor.

Association of ABO blood group with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Rupandehi district of Nepal.

Objectives: Recent studies after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 have shown an association of the ABO blood group to the susceptibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Anti-A and anti-B antibodies, carbohydrate clustering, interleukin-6 levels and host transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 were suggested to cause the variable susceptibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection to the ABO blood groups. This study aims to find the association of the ABO blood group with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection susceptibility in Nepal.

Knowledge and Practice Regarding Self-care Management among Patients with Permanent Pacemaker at Cardiac Center.

Background: Permanent pacemaker can be implanted as a life shaving measures for the patients with cardiovascular disease. Complications of permanent pacemaker are preventable if the patients have adequate knowledge regarding its usage, complications, and precautionary measures. The objective of this study was to find out the knowledge and practice regarding self-care management among patients with permanent pacemaker.

Impact of Climate Change on Health and Well-Being of People in Hindu Kush Himalayan Region: A Narrative Review.

Climate change and variability affect virtually everyone and every region of the world but the effects are nowhere more prominent than in mountain regions and people living therein. The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is a vast expanse encompassing 18% of the world's mountainous area. Sprawling over 4.

Status of Maternal and Child Health Seeking Behavior among Women Aged 15-45 Years during Earthquake of 2015 in Nepal: A Mixed Method Study.

Background: Delivery of the maternal and child health services are generally affected during the time of disaster. This study aims to assess the maternal and child health service utilization in areas in Nepal affected by the 2015 earthquake.

Methods: A mixed method study was carried in 29 Village Development Committees from nine earthquake-affected districts in Nepal.

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study.

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria.

Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation.

Efficacy and safety of inhaled budesonide on prevention of acute mountain sickness during emergent ascent: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) is a pathophysiologic process that occurs in non-acclimated susceptible individuals rapidly ascending to high-altitude. Barometric pressure falls at high altitude and it translates to a decreased partial pressure of alveolar oxygen (PAO2) and arterial oxygen (PaO2). A gradual staged ascent with sufficient acclimatization can prevent AMS but emergent circumstances requiring exposure to rapid atmospheric pressure changes - such as for climbers, disaster or rescue team procedures, and military operations - establishes a need for effective prophylactic medications.

Prolonged QT dispersion in Subclinical Hypothyroid Females: A Study in University Teaching Hospital in Central Nepal.

Background QT dispersion is a simple index derived from 12 lead ECG; its prolongation has been shown to be associated with increased arrhythmia risk. Increased cardiovascular risks, particularly occurrence of the malignant arrhythmias are a common finding in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. This increased arrhythmia risk is found to be higher mainly in patients with TSH level more than 10 milli international unit per liter.

An update on the epidemiology, length of stay, and cost of Kawasaki disease hospitalisation in the United States.

Background: Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis of childhood and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in the developed countries.

Methods: Data from hospital discharge records were obtained from the National Kids Inpatient Database for years 2009 and 2012. Hospitalisations by months, hospital regions, timing of admission, insurance types, and ethnicity were analysed.

Prevalence of behavioral risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and associated socio-economic factors among pregnant women in a rural area in Southern Nepal.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have dramatically infiltrated populations living in abject poverty in Low- and Middle-income Countries (LMICs), and poor maternal and child health outcomes have been frequently reported for those with CVD risk factors. However, few studies have explored the behavioral risk factors of CVDs among pregnant women in rural settings. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and identifying the socio-economic predictors of behavioral risk factors of CVDs among pregnant women in rural area in Southern Nepal.

Assessing Health Status of Khanigaun Village Development Committee in Nuwakot District of Nepal.

Background: Assessing health status is crucial to understand the level of health in the community. Maternal health, child health and behavioral practice on diseases are key issues to assess health status of a community in Nepal. Nationwide surveys and literature suggest that there is improvement in health status of Nepalese community.

Pulmonary Functions are Impaired among Carpet Factory Workers: A Spirometric Evaluation.

Introduction: Carpet factory produces various types of dusts and workers occupationally get exposed to them continuously. It has adverse health effects and most notably to the pulmonary functions. Nepal is one of the carpet exporter developing countries and still does have many factories within Kathmandu valley.

Physiology and applied sciences in Nepal: 1st annual conference.

With the increasing number of medical schools in Nepal, there is an expected increase in the number of Nepalese physiologists. The first medical school was established in the 1970s. We report here about the first annual conference of Nepalese physiologists on 27-28 September 2013 organized by the Department of Clinical Physiology of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS) and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUMS).

ABO and Rh blood groups and their ethnic distribution in a teaching hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal.

Introduction: ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most important blood grouping systems from clinical aspect. Determination of blood group is important for blood transfusion therapy, medico-legal purposes, organ transplantation, settlement of paternity disputes etc.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out for a period of one year from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2011 in blood bank of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital.