A time for sex: circadian regulation of mammalian sexual and reproductive function.

The circadian clock regulates physiological and biochemical processes in nearly every species. Sexual and reproductive behaviors are two processes controlled by the circadian timing system. Evidence supporting the importance of proper clock function on fertility comes from several lines of work demonstrating that misalignment of biological rhythms or disrupted function of the body's master clock, such as occurs from repeated shift work or chronic jet lag, negatively impacts reproduction by interfering with both male and female fertility.

Evaluating Usability and Feasibility of Implementing a Novel Cancer Mapping Tool.

Purpose: Cancer registries are often asked to present cancer data for small geographic areas to inform and facilitate targeted interventions and prevention programs. However, it is challenging to compute and visualize reliable cancer estimates for areas with small case counts and populations to support cancer control planning.

Methods: We used a Bayesian hierarchical model that borrows strength from neighboring areas and over time to produce cancer estimates for small areas.

Improvements in Safety Outcomes Following Brief Healthcare-Based Intimate Partner Violence Interventions among Women Who Screen Positive for Intimate Partner Violence-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a common consequence of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV-related TBI contributes to adverse health outcomes among women, but it is unknown whether a history of IPV-related TBI negatively impacts safety outcomes following healthcare-based interventions for IPV. Using data from a larger randomized clinical trial, we explored the impact of IPV-related TBI status on safety-related outcomes in two healthcare-based IPV interventions.

Increasing Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Resident-Run Clinic Through Partnership With Ophthalmology Clinic: A Pilot Study.

Despite the importance of early detection of diabetic retinopathy, many diabetic patients fail to receive the recommended screening. The objective of this quality-improvement initiative was to increase diabetic retinopathy screening through a partnership between primary care and ophthalmology, where primary care clinic staff may schedule patients directly for screening appointments at point of referral. To our knowledge, this intervention is the first described to use an interspecialty partnership to increase screening.

Central neurodegeneration in Kennedy's disease accompanies peripheral motor dysfunction.

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), or Kennedy's disease (KD), is a rare hereditary neuromuscular disorder demonstrating commonalities with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The current study aimed to define functional and central nervous system abnormalities associated with SBMA pathology, their interaction, and to identify novel clinical markers for quantifying disease activity. 27 study participants (12 SBMA; 8 ALS; 7 Control) were recruited.

Caring for kids: Australian general practice registrar confidence in delivering paediatric primary care.

Background And Objectives: The burden of disease for Australian children from non-acute conditions is growing; however, little is known about how well prevocational training experiences prepare trainee doctors. This study examines the confidence of general practice registrars in managing paediatric consultations in primary care and whether confidence varies by prevocational training type.

Method: This was a cross-sectional national survey of Australian general practice registrars that measured confidence in managing paediatric primary care presentations.

Missing the vulnerable-Inequalities in social protection in 13 sub-Saharan African countries: Analysis of population-based surveys.

We assessed socioeconomic inequalities in social protection coverage among the public, men and women living with the human immunodeficiency virus (MLHIV, WLHIV), and adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). We used population-based data from Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Eswatini, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We constructed concentration curves (CC) and computed concentration indices (CIX) for each country and population group.

Mentor communication skills training: development, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy.

Background: Mentoring is vital to career development in academic medicine, and communication underlies all aspects of the mentoring relationship. Although training research mentors has been shown to be effective, few academic medicine faculties have received training in how to mentor. The investigators developed a novel intervention, the Mentor Communication Skills Training for Oncology Faculty ("Comskil Mentor Training") and examined feasibility and preliminary efficacy.

Conceptualizing impulsivity as a construct in relation to posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity among women.

Despite the established association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and impulsivity, the literature is limited regarding impulsivity as a multifaceted construct. That is, the field's understanding of how PTSD symptoms may increase particular impulsive tendencies and behaviors is constrained by examining impulsivity solely as an umbrella term. The aim of the present study was to determine if there are differential associations between PTSD symptom severity and various components of impulsivity across multiple self-report measures.

Differential Indirect Effects of Military Sexual Trauma on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters via Past-Year Intimate Partner Violence Experiences.

Women who serve in the military are at high risk for experiencing military sexual trauma (MST) and intimate partner violence (IPV), both of which are associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To improve understanding of the psychological effects of experiencing multiple forms of interpersonal violence, it is important to identify the ways in which recent IPV experiences differentially increase the risk of specific PTSD symptom clusters for women with a history of MST. We aimed to identify if past-year IPV experiences mediate the relation between MST experiences and PTSD symptom clusters (i.

Intraoperative Hypotension Is an Important Modifiable Risk Factor for Major Complications in Spinal Fusion Surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective observational cohort.

Objectives: This study explores the impact of Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) on postoperative complications for major thoracolumbar spine fusion procedures.

Summary Of Background Data: IOH with mean arterial pressure (MAP) <65 mm Hg is associated with postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in general surgery.

Novel approaches to assessing upper motor neuron dysfunction in motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: IFCN handbook chapter.

Identifying upper motor neuron (UMN) dysfunction is fundamental to the diagnosis and understanding of disease pathogenesis in motor neuron disease (MND). The clinical assessment of UMN dysfunction may be difficult, particularly in the setting of severe muscle weakness. From a physiological perspective, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) techniques provide objective biomarkers of UMN dysfunction in MND and may also be useful to interrogate cortical and network function.

Session-level effects of cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure on individual symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. veterans.

Objective: To compare the course of change in individual posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during prolonged exposure therapy (PE) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT).

Method: We analyzed data from a previously published randomized clinical trial comparing PE and CPT among male and female U.S.

mRNA-Based Vaccines Are Highly Immunogenic and Confer Protection in the Gnotobiotic Pig Model of Human Rotavirus Diarrhea.

Human rotavirus (HRV) is still a leading cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis globally, particularly in infants and children. Previously, we demonstrated the immunogenicity of mRNA-based HRV vaccine candidates expressing the viral spike protein VP8* in rodent models. In the present study, we assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two mRNA-based HRV trivalent vaccine candidates, encoding VP8* of the genotypes P[8], P[6], or P[4], in the gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model of Wa (G1P[8]) HRV infection and diarrhea.

The Safety and Effectiveness of Orthobiologic Injections for Discogenic Chronic Low Back Pain: A Multicenter Prospective, Crossover, Randomized Controlled Trial with 12 Months Follow-up.

Background: Chronic low back pain is one of the most common causes of disability, affecting more than 600 million people worldwide with major social and economic costs. Current treatment options include conservative, surgical, and minimally invasive interventional treatment approaches. Novel therapeutic treatment options continue to develop, targeting the biological cascades involved in the degenerative processes to prevent invasive spinal surgical procedures.

International Urogynecology consultation chapter 2 committee 3: the clinical evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse including investigations into associated morbidity/pelvic floor dysfunction.

Introduction And Hypothesis: This manuscript from Chapter 2 of the International Urogynecology Consultation (IUC) on Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) reviews the literature involving the clinical evaluation of a patient with POP and associated bladder and bowel dysfunction.

Methods: An international group of 11 clinicians performed a search of the literature using pre-specified search MESH terms in PubMed and Embase databases (January 2000 to August 2020). Publications were eliminated if not relevant to the clinical evaluation of patients or did not include clear definitions of POP.

Efficacy and safety of CNM-Au8 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (RESCUE-ALS study): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and open label extension.

Background: CNM-Au8® is a catalytically-active gold nanocrystal neuroprotective agent that enhances intracellular energy metabolism and reduces oxidative stress. The phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and open label extension RESCUE-ALS trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of CNM-Au8 for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods: RESCUE-ALS and its long-term open label extension (OLE) were conducted at two multidisciplinary ALS clinics located in Sydney, Australia: (i) the Brain and Mind Centre and (ii) Westmead Hospital.

Wearable activity trackers for nurses' health: A qualitative acceptability study.

Aim: To assess the practical, social and ethical acceptability of the use of a POLAR® H7 chest-strap wearable device to influence health behaviours among pre-registered nurses.

Design: Qualitative acceptability study including a simulated test of use reported using COREQ guidelines.

Methods: Pre-registered nurses simulated nine nursing tasks while wearing the chest strap in a clinical simulation facility in a Scottish university in 2016.

A first-in-human germline-targeting HIV nanoparticle vaccine induced broad and publicly targeted helper T cell responses.

The engineered outer domain germline targeting version 8 (eOD-GT8) 60-mer nanoparticle was designed to prime VRC01-class HIV-specific B cells that would need to be matured, through additional heterologous immunizations, into B cells that are able to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies. CD4 T cell help will be critical for the development of such high-affinity neutralizing antibody responses. Thus, we assessed the induction and epitope specificities of the vaccine-specific T cells from the IAVI G001 phase 1 clinical trial that tested immunization with eOD-GT8 60-mer adjuvanted with AS01.

AFM Force Mapping Elucidates Pilus Deployment and Key Lifestyle-Dependent Surface Properties in .

is known for predation of a wide variety of Gram-negative bacteria, making it of interest as an alternative or supplement to chemical antibiotics. However, a fraction of follows a nonpredatory, "host-independent" (HI) life cycle. In this study, live predatory and HI were captured on a surface and examined, in buffer, by collecting force maps using atomic force microscopy (AFM).