Airborne four channel fiber coupled vector laser Doppler anemometer system.

Using an airborne vector laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) to measure the air flow outside of the boundary layer of an airplane is a promising optical technique. Measurement of the primary flight data like true airspeed, the angle of attack, and the angle of sideslip can be directly derived from the measured wind vector. We developed an experimental system with interchangeable telescopes to study the change in the LDA sensitivity and signal rate, depending on the focusing of the measurement beam.

Synthetic dispersion interferometry for relative atmospheric pressure sensing.

We present a modified version of the two-arm, two-color, single second harmonic generation heterodyne dispersion interferometer, as introduced by Irby et. al. [Rev.

Coherent Doppler wind lidar with real-time wind processing and low signal-to-noise ratio reconstruction based on a convolutional neural network.

Multi-classification using a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed as a denoising method for coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) data. The method is intended to enhance the usable range of a CDWL beyond the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The method is implemented and tested in an all-fiber pulsed CWDL system operating at 1550 nm wavelength with 20 kHz repetition rate, 300 ns pulse length and 180 µJ of laser energy.

Analytic model of a laser-controlled thermally deformable mirror.

We report on an analytic model of a laser-controlled thermally deformable mirror. The model shows the spatial low pass behavior of such a mirror system regarding the intensity distribution that controls the temperature distribution and the optical phase difference distribution of the deformable mirror. The model is validated using the data of measurements described by Schmid and Mahnke [J.

Real-time laser Doppler anemometry for optical air data applications in low aerosol environments.

Laser Doppler anemometry (LDA), sometimes also referred to as cw Doppler lidar, is a promising optical technique for the measurement of primary flight data such as true air speed, angle of attack, and angle of sideslip. Multiple flight campaigns have shown the potential of this technique for future air data systems. However, LDA remains challenging in low aerosol environments at cruise altitude, and the high raw-data bandwidth of LDA sensors impedes real-time operation.

Characterization of a commercial software defined radio as high frequency lock-in amplifier for FM spectroscopy.

A commercial software defined radio based on a Rafael Micro R820T2 tuner is characterized for the use as a high-frequency lock-in amplifier for frequency modulation spectroscopy. The sensitivity limit of the receiver is 1.6 nV/Hz.

Demonstration of an iron fluorescence lidar operating at 372 nm wavelength using a newly-developed Nd:YAG laser.

We report on the development of a pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser operating at a 1116 nm wavelength. Because the third harmonic is within a few gigahertz of the 372 nm absorption line of iron, this laser system represents an alternative to alexandrite lasers commonly used in iron fluorescence lidars. With our prototype, we achieved a 0.

1 kHz 3.3 μm Nd:YAG KTiOAsO₄ optical parametric oscillator system for laser ultrasound excitation of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics.

We present a new laser prototype for laser ultrasonics excitation. The fundamental wavelength of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a repetition rate of 1 kHz is converted to 3.3 μm with a KTiOAsO4 optical parametric oscillator.

Fast tuning of external-cavity diode lasers.

We report on a method for characterizing the tuning capabilities of small-bandwidth external-cavity diode lasers. The step response of a piezo-driven Littman-Metcalf external-cavity diode laser and the compensation of its optoelectromechanical frequency response is investigated. When an approximately 50-V compensated Gaussian pulse is applied to the piezo element, a detuning of 13.

[Mendelson syndrome in childhood].

Mendelson's syndrome is characterized by bronchoconstriction, intraalveolary pulmonary oedema and insufficiency of the right heart. We report an unusual case of Mendelson's syndrome in infancy. The morphological findings, combined with the discussion of the pathophysiological stages, are presented.

[Pathology and pathogenesis of propionic acidemia].

Described in this paper are pathomorphological alterations in a male newborn with propionic acidemia. Adequate cases from the international literature are evaluated, and the pathogenesis is discussed. The pathological findings are predominantly degenerative alterations in the brain and proteinaceous deposits in liver, kidney, skin and fatty tissue.

[Pneumococcal infections in children: hemolytic-uremic syndrome].

By the example of a case-report diagnostic and therapeutic features of the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome are discussed within the frame of infections by pneumococci. In case of infections by pneumococci but also of those ones caused by other bacteria or viruses neuraminidase may be set free, that on its part may lead to an enzyme-induced haemolysis and in some cases also to a damage of other cell systems. In case of an active share of the kidney a haemolytic-uraemic syndrome may be the consequence.

[Anatomy of the choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction in infancy, childhood and adolescence].

Series of histological sections of the major duodenal papilla were examined. The samples had been taken from human aged between 28 gestational weeks and 19 years. Reflux-preventing structures were found regularly developed in all specimens.

[Morphologic studies of the extrahepatic bile ducts in infancy, childhood and youth].

Morphology of the extrahepatic bile ducts was examined with light microscopic methods in 55 human cases from the age of 28 gestational weeks up to 19 years. We found that barrel-shaped cells, rod-shaped cells and goblet cells are obligatory components of the bile duct epithelium in infancy. Tunica fibromuscularis of extrahepatic bile ducts consists of connective tissue.

[Three dimensional growth of the extrahepatic bile ducts--surgical inferences].

Allometric growth of length and increasing of lumen area of the extrahepatic bile ducts were examined morphometrically in 50 human cases at the age of 28 gestational weeks up to 19 years. We calculated the flow resistance in relation to body weight with the help of the principle of Hagen-Poisoille. Principle ways to better bile flow in cases of non-correctable biliary atresia or bile duct hypoplasia are derived.

[Small intestine biopsies in children with malabsorption syndrome. Autoradiographic studies with 3H-thymidine].

Bioptic material of the small intestine is suitable for short-time in-vitro incubation in 3H-thymidine labelled medium followed by autoradiography. Histological and autoradiographic investigations of the small intestine of 45 children yielded the following characteristic findings: 1. 93 per cent of the healthy controls (n = 14) showed normal mucous membrane (Type I according to Shmerling) and a mean 3H-thymidine labelling index of 13 per cent.

[Pathohistologic studies of the upper esophageal blind pouch--a contribution to the discussion of the cause of anastomotic insufficiency following surgically treated esophageal atresia].

The pathological and anatomical findings obtained in studies of the upper oesophageal blind pouch are described for ten cases of oesophageal atresia where no surgical operations were performed. Figuring prominently in this conjunction are both aplasias and hypoplasias of muscular layers with deficiencies and textural disturbances as well as reductions of intramural ganglia and glands. These particular results are discussed as causes of anastomotic insufficiency after surgical operation for oesophageal atresia.

[Pathology of vein, artery and heart catheterization. Studies of autopsies].

Among 17,161 autopsies of children and adults 319 cases with complications after catheterization (catheterization of veins, arteries and heart) were analysed. The following pathologo-anatomical findings were established: Haemorrhages, thromboses, thrombophlebitis, incorrect positions of the catheter, embolism after catheterization, perforations of vessels, heart injuries, pleura injuries, pneumo- and haemothorax as well as sepsis and septicopyaemia. The complications were subdivided according to early and late injuries.

[Animal experiment testing of polyurethane soft foam (SYSpur) as an episcleral filling material].

Soft polyurethane foam was sutured to the sclerae of 28 rabbit eyes in a manner similar to scleral buckling in retinal detachment surgery. During the follow-up period no tissue incompatibility was observed and wound healing appeared to be without complications. Microscopic examination revealed fibrocytes growing through the sponge and after 24 weeks the polyurethane meshwork was completely filled with granulation tissue.

[Occurrence of goblet cells in the human extrahepatic bile duct epithelium in the fetus and newborn infant].

The development of several cell types was studied in human extrahepatic bile ducts of 5 fetuses, 11 newborn infants (gestational age of 28 to 41 weeks), and 3 children younger than 6 years by means of histological and histochemical staining reactions. Barrel-shaped columnar cells and rod-shaped cells in the mucosa are well described in the literature. Goblet cells are only known at the region of the ampulla of Vater.