Regional disparities in psychiatric distress, violent behavior, and life satisfaction in Iranian adolescents: the CASPIAN-III study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of violence behaviors, psychiatric distress, and life satisfaction among 10- to 18-year-old Iranian adolescents at national and regional disparities.

Methods: In this national survey, 5570 students of age 10 to 18 years from urban and rural regions of 27 provinces of Iran were selected through stratified multistage sampling method. Violence behaviors, psychiatric distress, and life satisfaction were assessed by a questionnaire that was prepared based on WHO global school-based student health survey and the WHO-stepwise approach to noncommunicable diseases (Tools version 9.

Growth disorders among 6-year-old Iranian children.

Background: Sociodemographic factors are important determinants of weight disorders. National representative studies provide a view on this health problem at national and regional levels.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the distribution of growth disorders in terms of body mass index (BMI) and height in 6-year-old Iranian children using geographical information system (GIS).

Dual burden of body weight among Iranian children and adolescents in 2003 and 2010: the CASPIAN-III study.

Introduction: Our aim was to compare changes of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) curves of Iranian children by comparing the results of two national surveys of a surveillance program, i.e. CASPIAN-I (2003-2004) and CASPIAN-III (2009-2010).

Prevalence of genitalia malformation in Iranian children: findings of a nationwide screening survey at school entry.

Background: Ambiguous genitalia is a hereditary disorder that usually requires early attention and detection. The discovery of ambiguous genitalia in a neonate is situation that could be difficult to manage, not only because of complications such as salt-losing, but also due to the importance of sex determination before psychological gender could be established. Awareness of the prevalence of ambiguous genitalia can affect the attitude and consideration of physicians and related medical personnel about disease in different communities.

Methodology and Early Findings of the Fourth Survey of Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-Communicable Disease in Iran: The CASPIAN-IV Study.

Background: The fourth survey of the surveillance system named "childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of adult non-communicable disease" (CASPIAN-IV study), was conducted among a national representative sample of Iranian students. This paper describes the methods and early findings of this survey.

Methods: This nationwide school-based study was conducted in 2011-2012 in 30 provinces of Iran among 13,486 students, 6-18 years (6640 girls, 75.

National report on the association of serum vitamin D with cardiometabolic risk factors in the pediatric population of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): the CASPIAN-III Study.

Objectives: As the first, to our knowledge, nationwide study in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), this study aimed to investigate the association of serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in a nationally representative sample of the pediatric population in Iran. The second objective was to provide the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and the percentiles of serum 25(OH)D in the study population.

Methods: This national population-based study was conducted among 1100 Iranian students living in 27 provinces in Iran.

Association of cardiometabolic risk factors and hepatic enzymes in a national sample of Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-III study.

Objectives: Elevated liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) may be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease. We investigated the association of cardiometabolic risk factors and liver enzymes in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents.

Methods: The national study was conducted in the framework of the third survey of Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Non-communicable Disease study.

The association of birth weight with cardiovascular risk factors and mental problems among Iranian school-aged children: the CASPIAN-III study.

Objective: Both high and low birth weights (HBW and LBW) are risk factors for adulthood diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of birth weight with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and mental problems among Iranian school-aged children.

Methods: This national multicenter study of school-aged children entitled CASPIAN III was conducted among 5528 students in ranging from ages 10 to 18 y.

Association of anthropometric measures with cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in normal-weight children and adolescents: the CASPIAN III study.

Objective: This nationwide study was conducted to determine the association of anthropometric measures with cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian normal-weight children and adolescents.

Methods: We analyzed the data of 3,565 children and adolescents (50.3% boys), aged 10-18 years, with a normal BMI (5th-84th percentile) obtained from the third survey of 'Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Disease' (CASPIAN III) study.

First report on simplified diagnostic criteria for pre-hypertension and hypertension in a national sample of adolescents from the Middle East and North Africa: the CASPIAN-III study.

Objective: This study aimed to simplify the diagnostic criteria of pre-hypertension (pre-HTN) and hypertension (HTN) in the pediatric age group, and to determine the accuracy of these simple indexes in a nationally-representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents.

Method: The diagnostic accuracy of the indexes of systolic blood pressure-to-height ratio (SBPHR) and diastolic BPHR (DBPHR) to define pre-HTN and HTN was determined by the area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic curves.

Results: The study population consisted of 5,738 Iranian students (2,875 females) with mean (SD) age of 14.

Association of breakfast intake with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the association of breakfast intake with cardiometabolic risk factors in a nationally-representative sample of Iranian pediatrics.

Methods: the study participants considered of 5,625 school students aged 10-18 years, studied in the third survey of the national school-based surveillance system (CASPIAN-III). They were classified into three groups based on the number of days they ate breakfast: "regular breakfast eater" (6-7days/week), "often breakfast eater" (3-5days/week), and "seldom breakfast eater" (0-2 days/week).

First report on the validity of a continuous Metabolic syndrome score as an indicator for Metabolic syndrome in a national sample of paediatric population - the CASPIAN-III study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a continuous Metabolic Syndrome score (cMetS) in a nationally representativesample of Iranian children and to identify sex and age-specific optimal cut-off points of cMetS that are associated with MetS.

Material And Methods: This study was conducted among 3,254 schoolchildren aged 10-18 years. cMetS was derived by aggregating ageand sex-standardised residuals of waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), glucose, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG).

Kidney function in obese adolescents with or without metabolic syndrome in a nationally-representative sample of pediatric population: First report from the Middle East and North Africa: The CASPIAN-III Study: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Obesity in accordance with metabolic syndrome (MetS) confronts populations at the higher risk of morbidity and mortality of chronic diseases including, chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The renal complication of obesity and MetS has been less debated in young adolescents. The objective of this study was to assess the kidney function in obese adolescents with or without MetS.

The association of sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors in a national sample of children and adolescents: the CASPIAN III study.

Objectives: Although sleep duration is one of the most important health-related factors, its association with risk factors for chronic diseases has not been completely clarified, especially among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between sleep duration and CVD risk factors among a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents.

Methods: This cross-sectional national study was performed on a representative sample of 5528 Iranian students, ages 10 to 18 y living in central cities of 27 provinces of Iran.

Prevalence study of clinical disorders in 6-year-old children across Iranian provinces: Findings of Iranian national health assessment survey.

Objective: To assess the national prevalence of clinical disorders in 6-year-old Iranian children before school entry using a national health assessment survey.

Materials And Methods: In a cross-sectional nationwide survey, all Iranian children entering public and private elementary schools were asked to participate in a mandatory national screening program in Iran in 2009 in two levels of screening and diagnostic levels.

Results: The study population consisted of 955388 children (48.

First report on body image and weight control in a nationally representative sample of a pediatric population in the Middle East and North Africa: the CASPIAN-III study.

Introduction: This study explores the associations of weight perceptions with actual body mass index (BMI) and attempts to lose weight in a nationally representative sample of a pediatric population.

Material And Methods: Data were collected from school students of 27 provinces in Iran, as part of "the national survey of school student high risk behaviors". We used t-test for continuous data and chi square test for categorical data.

First report on path analysis for cardiometabolic components in a nationally representative sample of pediatric population in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): the CASPIAN-III Study.

Background/aims: This study aimed to test a potential model of the relationship between various cardiometabolic risk factors including obesity, unhealthy diet, low physical activity, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure in a large population-based sample of children and adolescents.

Methods: In this nationwide study, a representative sample of 5,528 students aged 10-18 years was selected by multistage random cluster sampling from 27 provinces of Iran. Demographic, anthropometric, biological, and biochemical factors were determined.

Tooth brushing and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Is there an association? The CASPIAN-III study.

Background: A growing body of evidence supports an association between oral health and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in adults. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth brushing frequency and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.

Methods: This nationwide population-based study was conducted among 5258 Iranian students, aged 10-18 years, living in urban and rural areas of 27 provinces in Iran.

Duration of breast-feeding and cardiovascular risk factors among Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN III study.

Objectives: Studies examining the relationship between breast-feeding (BF) duration and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have reached contradictory results. This study aims to investigate the relationship between BF duration and CVD risk factors in adolescents.

Methods: This national population-based study was conducted among 5258 Iranian students, ages 10 to 18 y living in central cities of 27 provinces of Iran.

Inequality in School Readiness and Autism among 6-Year-Old Children across Iranian Provinces: National Health Assessment Survey Results.

Objective: To assess the national inequality of school readiness and autism among 6-year-old Iranian children before school entry using a national health assessment survey.

Methods: In a cross-sectional nationwide survey, all Iranian children entering public and private elementary schools were asked to participate in a mandatory national screening program in Iran in 2009 in two levels of screening and diagnostic levels.

Findings: The study population consisted of 955388 children (48.

First Report on Self-Rated Health in a Nationally-Representative Sample of Iranian Adolescents: The CASPIAN-iii study.

Objective: To evaluate predictive factors of adolescents' appraisal of their health.

Methods: The nationwide study, entitled "Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Diseases (CASPIAN) study", was conducted in 2010 among Iranian school students, aged 10-18. In addition to demographic factors and physical examination, variables as family structure, nutrition habits, physical activity, smoking, hygienic habits, violence, school attachment, family smoking, and family history of chronic diseases were assessed.

Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a National Sample of Adolescent Population in the Middle East and North Africa: The CASPIAN III Study.

Objective. The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of different combinations of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors among a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Methods.

First National Report on Aminotransaminases' Percentiles in Children of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): the CASPIAN-III Study.

Background: By the current global obesogenic environment, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is becoming an important health problem in the pediatric age group.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the first age-and gender-specific percentiles and upper limit normal limit (ULN) of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) among a nationally-representative sample of children and adolescents in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The second objective was to determine the linear association of obesity indexes and age with serum ALT and AST levels.

First growth curves based on the World Health Organization reference in a Nationally-Representative Sample of Pediatric Population in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): the CASPIAN-III study.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) is in the process of establishing a new global database on the growth of school children and adolescents. Limited national data exist from Asian children, notably those living in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This study aimed to generate the growth chart of a nationally representative sample of Iranian children aged 10-19 years, and to explore how well these anthropometric data match with international growth references.

Methodology and Early Findings of the Third Survey of CASPIAN Study: A National School-based Surveillance of Students' High Risk Behaviors.

Background: A school-based surveillance system entitled the childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of Adult Noncommunicable disease (CASPIAN) Study is implemented at national level in Iran. This paper presents the methods and primary findings of the third survey of this surveillance system.

Methods: This national survey was performed in 2009-2010 in 27 provinces of Iran among 5570 students and one of their parents.