An overview of different methods to establish a murine premature ovarian failure model.

Premature ovarian failure (POF)is defined as the loss of normal ovarian function before the age of 40 and is characterized by increased gonadotropin levels and decreased estradiol levels and ovarian reserve, often leading to infertility. The incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of POF is a major impediment to the development of effective treatments for this disease, so the use of animal models is a promising option for investigating and identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in POF patients and developing therapeutic agents. As mice and rats are the most commonly used models in animal research, this review article considers studies that used murine POF models.

Network Cluster Analysis of PPI and Phenotype Ontology for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Our knowledge of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) etiology is incomplete; however, the pathogenesis of the disease includes T-cell-mediated destruction of β-cells.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the key gene pathways and co-expression networks in T1DM disease.

Material And Methods: TIDM-associated genes were identified from 13 databases, enrichment of pathways annotated with functional annotations, and analysis of protein-protein network interactions.

Promoting β-cells function by the recapitulation of in vivo microenvironmental differentiation signals.

The study aims to transdifferentiate rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) more efficiently into islet-like cells and encapsulate and transplant them with vital properties like stability, proliferation, and metabolic activity enhanced for the treatment of T1DM. Trans-differentiation of BM-MCs into islet-like cells induced by high glucose concentration combined with Nicotinamide, ꞵ-Mercaptoethanol, ꞵ-Cellulin, and IGF-1. Glucose challenge assays and gene expression profiles were used to determine functionality.

The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of leaf on aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression in the testis of Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

Objective: Cigarette smoke (CS) contains compounds such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress caused by excessive ROS eventually leads to germ cell apoptosis and male infertility. The leaves of (chicory) are rich in natural antioxidants, but their protective effects on the adverse effects of CS on testicular tissue have not been studied.

The expression of fibrosis-related genes is elevated in doxorubicin-induced senescent human dermal fibroblasts, but their secretome does not trigger a paracrine fibrotic response in non-senescent cells.

Tissue fibrosis is associated with the aging process of most of our organs, and organ aging correlates with the chronic accumulation of senescent cells. Fibrosis occurs when fibroblasts proliferate and deposit pathological amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to progressive tissue scarring and organ dysfunction. Fibroblasts play a key role in fibrosis, especially in the skin where fibroblasts are the most abundant cell type in the dermis and are mainly responsible for the synthesis of ECM.

Reduced inflammation following human endometrial stromal/stem cell injection into male Wistar rats with cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.

Inflammation is one of the most important mechanisms involved in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory abilities. Human endometrial stromal/stem cells (hEnSCs) exhibit similar properties to MSCs.

Synthetic Small Molecules Induce Insulin Secretion and Pancreatic Beta-Cell-Specific Gene Expression.

Despite various efficient pharmaceuticals which are already used to manage diabetes, new drugs are needed to preserve and restore the function of pancreatic β-cells (pβCs) including cell-specific gene expression and insulin production and secretion. Newly developed small molecules (SMs) with potential anti-diabetic activity need to be preliminarily tested. Mice insulinoma MIN6 cells can be utilized as an in vitro screening model.

Human Endometrial Stromal/Stem Cells Inhibit Apoptosis in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Male Wistar Rats.

Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is referred to as sudden decline in the function of kidney. Human endometrial stromal/stem cells (hEnSCs) are mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells, which are suitable candidates for regenerative medicine purposes, yet the effect of hEnSCs on cisplatin-induced AKI has not been studied; therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate this gap in the literature.

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, hEnSCs were obtained from endometrial biopsy using collagenase I and were then cultured in DMEM/F12 medium.

Comparison the Effect of Metformin and Clomiphene Citrate on Sirtuin3 gene Expression in the Oocytes of Mice with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Oxidative stress (OS) is a common biological event in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), causing oocytes to undergo OS-induced changes. Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) has a critical role in oocyte maturation through the modulation of OS. In the current study, we compared the effects of metformin and clomiphene citrate on the expression of the Sirt3 gene in oocytes obtained from the mice, induced by PCOS.

Heat shock factor 5 is essential for spermatogenesis in mice: Detected by a new monoclonal antibody.

Objectives: Here, we examined the function of our produced monoclonal antibody (mAb10C3) to recognize one of the most important members of the HEAT shock factor family, Hsf5, in embryonic development and in spermatogenic cells of adult mouse testis.

Materials And Methods: The targeting effects of mAb10C3 were investigated by immunohistochemistry analysis in the different phases of the embryo and in the adult testis tissue sections.

Results: The results of immunohistochemistry staining on the mouse embryos by the supernatant of hybridoma clone that produced mAb10C3, in the early and late phases (E7.

Enhancing developmental rate and quality of mouse single blastomeres into blastocysts using a microplatform.

The present work reports the beneficial effects of using a microplatform on the development of mouse single blastomeres (SBs) to the blastocyst stage. Development of blastocysts from SBs separated from two- and four-cell stage embryos (two- and four-cell SBs) can provide a valuable supply both for couples who use fertility-assisted techniques and farm animals. As a step forward, we introduce three chips that provide the possibility of culturing SBs separately, in groups, and in the vicinity of the intact embryo (co-culture), while each well of the chips is assigned to an isolated SB.

Enhanced development of mouse single blastomeres into blastocysts via the simultaneous inhibition of TGF-β and ERK pathways in microdroplet culture.

Optimization of an in vitro culture that supports blastocyst (BL) development from single blastomeres (SBs) is essential to generate additional embryos for farm animals and humans and unravel the mechanisms that underlie totipotency. In this study, we have examined BL development from SBs that were derived from 2-cell and 4-cell mouse embryos in different media. Moreover, BLs were assessed for inner cell mass (ICM) by staining with Oct4.

Obtaining and characterization of anti-testis monoclonal antibodies: Invaluable tools toward the identification of testis antigens involved in fertilization.

Background: Generation and utilization of the specific monoclonal antibodies against testis antigens is reported to identify the antigens that are important in reproductive field.

Objective: Current study aimed to introduce a hybridoma that producing a specific anti-testis monoclonal antibody to identify the testis antigens that can be important in the reproduction field.

Methods: To make hybridoma against testis antigens, mice were immunized with testis cell lysate.

Effects of green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the proteolipid protein and oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 messenger RNA gene expression in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

The cuprizone multiple sclerosis (MS) animal model is characteristic for toxic demyelination and represents a reversible demyelination and remyelination system. It has been shown that green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) might be effective in improving the symptoms and pathological conditions associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases in several animal models. In this study the effects of EGCG on proteolipid protein (PLP) and oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (Olig1) expression in the cerebral cortex of a murine model of cuprizone-induced demyelination was investigated.

Heparin/Collagen 3D Scaffold Accelerates Hepatocyte Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Both mature and stem cell-derived hepatocytes lost their phenotype and functionality under conventional culture conditions. However, the 3D scaffolds containing the main extracellular matrix constitutions, such as heparin, may provide appropriate microenvironment for hepatocytes to be functional. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the differentiation capability of hepatocytes derived from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) in 3D heparinized scaffold.

Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel scaffold without angiogenic growth factors enhances ovarian tissue function after autotransplantation in rats.

One of the problems encountered during ovarian transplantation is that the number of primordial follicles in the grafts is considerably reduced 2 d after transplantation due to post-transplantation ischemia. This study investigates if the use of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel (HABH) with and without vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) could prevent or minimize ischemia-induced follicle loss during ovarian autotransplantation and thereby restore ovarian tissue function in the rat model. In this study, twenty four female rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy and were randomly divided into 3 groups for ovarian tissue autotransplantation.

Restoration of ovarian tissue function and estrous cycle in rat after autotransplantation using hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffold containing VEGF and bFGF.

This study investigates the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) containing VEGF and bFGF on restoration of ovarian function after ovarian autotransplantation. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups for ovarian autotransplantation: group A (ovaries without HA, VEGF and bFGF), group B (ovaries encapsulated with HA) and group C (ovaries encapsulated with HA containing VEGF and bFGF). The grafts were assessed using vaginal smears, histological, hormonal, and the genes expression analysis.

Effect of Different Times of Intraperitoneal Injections of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium on Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of mesenchymal stem cells' conditioned media on the severity of acute kidney injury.

Materials And Methods: Acute kidney injury was induced in male rats with 100 mg/kg of gentamicin for six consecutive days intraperitoneally. After inducing the standard model of acute kidney injury, the conditioned medium of 5 × 106 cells was calculated for each kilogram of body weight of the rats.

The Effect of Green Tea Extract on Reproductive Improvement in Estradiol Valerate-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rat.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive and metabolic disorder in which the level of oxidative elements in blood rises. Green tea is a potent antioxidant since it contains catechins. In this study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic green tea extract on PCOS rats was examined.

An efficient method for automatic morphological abnormality detection from human sperm images.

Background And Objective: Sperm morphology analysis (SMA) is an important factor in the diagnosis of human male infertility. This study presents an automatic algorithm for sperm morphology analysis (to detect malformation) using images of human sperm cells.

Methods: The SMA method was used to detect and analyze different parts of the human sperm.

Intra-renal arterial injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in a rhesus Macaque mulatta monkey model.

Background: Clinically, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potentially devastating condition for which no specific therapy improves efficacy of the repair process. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are proven to be beneficial for the renal repair process after AKI in different experimental rodent models, but their efficacy in large animals and humans remains unknown. This study aims to assess the effect of autologous rhesus Macaque mulatta monkey BM-MSC transplantation in cisplatin-induced AKI.

Stauprimide Priming of Human Embryonic Stem Cells toward Definitive Endoderm.

Objective: In vitro production of a definitive endoderm (DE) is an important issue in stem cell-related differentiation studies and it can assist with the production of more efficient endoderm derivatives for therapeutic applications. Despite tremendous progress in DE differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), researchers have yet to discover universal, efficient and cost-effective protocols.

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, we have treated hESCs with 200 nM of Stauprimide (Spd) for one day followed by activin A (50 ng/ml; A50) for the next three days (Spd-A50).

Protective effects of Ephedra pachyclada extract on mouse models of carbon tetrachloride- induced chronic and acute liver failure.

Inflammation and oxidation are two important factors in the pathogenesis of liver. Ephedra pachyclada (EP) is a traditional medical herb that has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. During this study, anti-oxidant activities of the EP extract was measured in vitro by 2,2'- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-Carotene bleaching assays.

The behavior of cardiac progenitor cells on macroporous pericardium-derived scaffolds.

Cardiovascular diseases hold the highest mortality rate among other illnesses which reveals the significance of current limitations in common therapies. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds have been utilized as potential therapies for treating heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). In particular, native tissues have numerous properties that make them potentially useful scaffolding materials for recreating the native cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM).