Harmonized biochemical modification of cell walls to get permission for entrance of Azospirillum sp. to rice roots.

Biological nitrogen-fixation is important in increasing crop efficiency. Azospirillum is a nitrogen-fixing microorganism that naturally coexists with grasses roots. The present study was undertaken to clarify the role of rice root cell walls in the acceptance of two Azospirillum species, alone or in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) treatments.

met1 DNA Methyltransferase Controls TERT Gene Expression: A New Insight to The Role of Telomerase in Development.

Objective: DNA methylation systems are essential for proper embryo development. Methylation defects lead to developmental abnormalities. Furthermore, changes in telomerase gene expression can affect stability of chromosomes and produces abnormal growth.

Silicon increases cell wall thickening and lignification in rice (Oryza sativa) root tip under excess Fe nutrition.

Iron (Fe) as a micronutrients and silicon (Si) as a cell wall element are important in plant cell wall extension and integrity. While the interaction of exogenous Si and excess Fe on root cell wall modifications is known, the effects of these nutritional parameters on the spatial changes in the activities of genes and/or enzymes involved in the lignification of root cell walls are not well studied. Thus, these parameters were investigated in the root apical part (AP) and basal part (BP) of rice (Oryza sativa L.

Redox metabolism and cell wall modifications as global and local targets respectively, of cyanide induced dormancy release of walnut kernels.

The HCN-induced seed dormancy release necessitates alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and radicle cell wall loosening. Little is known about the interaction of ROS metabolism with cell wall hydrolytic enzymes during HCN-induced seed dormancy release. Thus dormant walnut (Juglans regia L.

The Impacts of -Overexpression on Growth and Photosynthetic Parameters.

Background: TRR14 protein is a small protein, a member of a multigene family in Arabidopsis which was found as the fi rst protein during screening seedlings for their resistant to the trehalose sugar.

Objectives: A number of TRR14-overexpressing plants were subjected to the characterization in the present research, among which, the associated morphological features and changes accompany growth pattern and photosynthesis related parameters.

Materials And Methods: gene was isolated from and cloned into the pBin-35S vector.

The dynamics of the bacterial communities developed in maize silage.

Ensilage provides an effective means of conserving summer-grown green forage to supply as winter feed to ruminants. The fermentation process involved in the ensilage process relies on lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Here, 16S ribosomal DNA amplicon pyrosequencing was used to follow the dynamic behaviour of the LAB community during the ensilage of maize biomass, with a view to identify the key species involved in the process.

Short versus long term effects of cyanide on sugar metabolism and transport in dormant walnut kernels.

Tree seed dormancy release by cold stratification accompanies with the embryo increased gluconeogenesis competence. Cyanide also breaks seed dormancy however, integrated information about its effects on carbon metabolism is lacking. Accordingly, the impacts of HCN on germination, lipid gluconeogenesis and sugar transport capacity of walnut (Juglans regia L.

Trehalose mediated growth inhibition of Arabidopsis seedlings is due to trehalose-6-phosphate accumulation.

Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) is required for carbon utilization during Arabidopsis development, and its absence is embryo lethal. Here we show that T6P accumulation inhibits seedling growth. Wild-type seedlings grown on 100 mm trehalose rapidly accumulate T6P and stop growing, but seedlings expressing Escherichia coli trehalose phosphate hydrolase develop normally on such medium.