Null cross-modal effects of olfactory training on visual, auditory or olfactory working memory in 6- to 9-year-old children.

Systematic exposure to odours (olfactory training, OT) is a method of smell loss treatment. Due to olfactory system projections to prefrontal brain areas, OT has been hypothesized to enhance cognitive functions, but its effects have been studied predominantly in adults. This study tested OT effects on working memory (WM), i.

A Nationwide survey of safety protocols and chemosensory assessments by Japanese clinicians pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: There has been an increase of attention and awareness of smell and taste loss due to the impact of COVID-19. However, little is known about the influence of COVID-19 on the number of psychophysical tests performed, the timing of these tests, or the protection protocols employed to protect against virus transmission. This study aimed to explore the changes in examination approaches, types of tests employed, and safety measures adopted by clinicians before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Investigating the Interplay between Olfaction, Social Behaviour, and Individual Differences: Editorial.

Long-COVID mercilessly brought awareness to what olfaction researchers have known all along; losing your sense of smell changes your experiences with the world around you and can compromise your health and wellbeing [...

Investigating the Link between Eating Attitudes, Taste and Odour Preferences and the Chemical Senses.

Objectives: To examine if higher degrees of pathological eating attitudes in a non-clinical sample are associated with odour and taste perception and preferences based on psychophysical ratings.

Participants And Methods: A total of 80 female university students completed the eating attitudes test (EAT-26), followed by four chemosensory measures including olfactory and gustatory perception plus perceptual ratings and preferences for food odours and tastes.

Results: There were no significant correlations between EAT-26 scores and measures of olfactory and gustatory perception.

Klotho inhibits the formation of calcium oxalate stones by regulating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.

Purpose: Oxidative damage is important in calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone development but occurs via multiple pathways. Studies have shown that klotho plays an essential role in ameliorating oxidative damage. This study aims to explore the role of klotho in CaOx stones and whether the underlying mechanism is related to the regulation of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling.

Do you often sniff yourself or others? Development of the Body Odor Sniffing Questionnaire and a cross-cultural survey in China and the USA.

Objectives: Body odor can convey much information about an individual and thus we frequently engage in sniffing one's own and other people's body odor. However, there is scarce evidence on the within- and cross-cultural variation in body odor sniffing behaviors and no psychometric scale for specifically measuring such behaviors. Hence, our study aimed to develop the Body Odor Sniffing Questionnaire (BOSQ) and used it to make a cross-cultural comparison.

Love Stinks: The Association between Body Odors and Romantic Relationship Commitment.

Anecdotal reports indicate that women dislike their partner's body odor (BO) during the breakdown of a relationship; however, whether disliking a partner's BO is associated with intentions to break up has not been empirically tested. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate, for the first time, whether disliking one's partner's BOs is associated with experiencing lower commitment to a romantic relationship. Eighty participants (48 partnered, 32 single and previously partnered) completed self-report questionnaires about their current or previous romantic relationship and the amount of exposure to-and hedonic ratings of-their current or former partner's BOs.

The Link between Attachment Style and Self-Reported Olfactory Ability: A Preliminary Investigation.

Individuals in healthy romantic relationships gain significant benefits to their psychological wellbeing and physiological health. Notably, the majority of relationship research has focused on how adult attachment influences these relationship outcomes while the role of olfaction remains an emerging research focus. The aim of the current study was to bring together these seemingly unrelated factors-attachment and olfaction-in an online quasi-experimental design.

Olfactory training in 8-year-olds increases odour identification ability: a preliminary study.

Olfactory training (OT), smelling odours, twice per day for an extended period, can improve the olfactory function in adults. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether OT can improve the olfactory function of children aged 8 years old. Odour thresholds and odour identification ability were compared between two groups across three separate testing sessions (baseline, 6-week post-baseline, 12-week post-baseline).

One-Pot Green Synthesis of Acridine Alkaloid Derivatives and Screening of in vitro Anti-cancer Activity Against Cdc25b and SHP1.

Aim: To develop anti-cancer active pharmaceutical intermediates.

Background: Acridone derivatives possess a wide range of pharmacological activities: 1) they intercalate DNA and 2) form a covalent bond with DNA.

Objective: To screen in vitro anti-cancer activity against Cdc25b and SHP1 of new acridone derivatives and preliminary study on the structure-activity relationship.

The Aetiology of Olfactory Dysfunction and Its Relationship to Diet Quality.

People with olfactory loss may choose foods rich in sugar, salt and fat to compensate their loss-foods that constitute a Western-style diet (WSD). However, olfactory dysfunction has not been consistently linked to any particular type of dietary change. Here we considered whether the aetiology of olfactory dysfunction may affect consumption of a WSD.

Global study of variability in olfactory sensitivity.

Variability in human olfactory sensitivity has been attributed to individual-level factors such as genetics, age, sex, medical history of infections and trauma, neurogenerative diseases, and emotional disorders. Scarce evidence exists on the cross-cultural variation in olfactory sensitivity. Hence, we performed 2 studies to estimate the variability in olfactory threshold as a function of location and environment.

The effect of olfactory training on olfactory bulb volumes in patients with idiopathic olfactory loss.

Olfactory loss impacts around 20% of the population and is associated with the reduction of pleasure from eating and drinking, sex and depression (1). Encouragingly, research findings have consistently demonstrated that olfactory training (OT) can improve olfactory function in people with olfactory loss due to various aetiologies (2). The most commonly used method for OT involves smelling four different odours (lemon, eucalyptus, rose and cloves), twice daily, for 12 weeks.

Faster olfactory adaptation in patients with olfactory deficits: an analysis of results from odor threshold testing.

Background: Patients with olfactory deficits often report rapid and lasting olfactory adaptation compared to the time when they had normal olfactory function. However, this phenomenon receives little scientific attention. This retrospective study aimed to compare the patterns of olfactory adaptation in normosmic controls and patients with olfactory impairment by analyzing the trajectory of turning points in odor threshold tests based on the staircase technique.

A New Method for Assessment of Retronasal Olfactory Function.

Objectives/hypothesis: The aim of the study was to develop a test for the assessment of retronasal olfaction in healthy participants and patients with olfactory disorders using "tasteless" powders.

Study Design: Prospective case-control series.

Methods: A total of 150 participants (110 women, 40 men, mean age = 40 ± 16 years) were recruited for this study; 100 were healthy controls and 50 were patients with olfactory loss due to infections of the upper respiratory tract (n = 25), idiopathic causes (n = 12), sinonasal disease (n = 7), and head trauma (n = 6).

The role of body odors and olfactory ability in the initiation, maintenance and breakdown of romantic relationships - A review.

The aim of this review is to present direct and indirect lines of converging evidence that highlight the many ways our body odors and sense of smell may influence the three broad stages of romantic relationships; initiation, maintenance and breakdown. This emerging area of study requires a multidisciplinary empirical approach. Here we survey research findings that taken together, suggest that body odor perception moderates mate choice, provides a source of comfort in existing relationships and may signal the breakdown of a relationship through disgust processes.

Do women love their partner's smell? Exploring women's preferences for and identification of male partner and non-partner body odor.

Despite evidence indicating body odor (BO) preference is an important driver in mate selection, previous studies have only investigated females' preferences for the BO of strangers. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine if partnered females prefer their partner's BO compared to that of others males' BO. Forty partnered and 42 single, heterosexual women aged 18-35 years, brought to the laboratory a shirt their partner or male friend/relative (respectively) sweated in while wearing.

Do Single Men Smell and Look Different to Partnered Men?

Previous research indicates human body odor (BO) can signal kinship, sickness and genetic compatibility. Based on research indicating single males have higher testosterone levels than partnered males and that higher testosterone levels are associated with stronger smelling BO, the current study aimed to determine if, by extension of previous findings, single males' BO smells stronger than partnered males' BO. Eighty-two heterosexual women aged 18-35 years rated the BO and faces of six different males also aged 18-35 years.

The Immediate and Delayed Effects of TV: Impacts of Gender and Processed-Food Intake History.

Eating while watching TV has generally been found to increase both immediate and delayed energy intake. Here we examine two factors - gender and habitual processed-food intake - that may moderate these effects. Participants [ = 153; 95 women, 58 men; = 19.

Association Study of Klotho Gene Polymorphism With Calcium Oxalate Stones in The Uyghur Population of Xinjiang, China.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between Klotho gene polymorphisms andcalcium oxalate stones in Xinjiang Uyghur people.

Materials And Methods: We compared 128 patients with calcium oxalate stones (case group) and 94 healthypeople (control group), detected the genotype and allele distributions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)of the Klotho gene (rs3752472, rs650439, and rs1207568) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results: The distributions of the genotype and allele frequencies of the SNPs were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the two groups.

Exploring the Relationship between Psychopathy and Helping Behaviors in Naturalistic Settings: Preliminary Findings.

This study examined the helping behavior of participants with high (High-P; 15 males, 13 females) and low (Low-P; 14 males, 16 females) psychopathic traits without their awareness. In the first of three tests, we found Low-P participants offered more help to an apparently lost female confederate than High-P participants. In the second test, High-P compared to Low-P males offered more help to an "injured" female experimenter, the reverse was true for females.

A high-fat high-sugar diet predicts poorer hippocampal-related memory and a reduced ability to suppress wanting under satiety.

Animal data indicate that greater intake of fats and sugars prevalent in a Western diet impairs hippocampal memory and tests of behavioral inhibition known to be related to hippocampal function (e.g., feature negative discrimination tasks).