Clouds on the horizon: clinical decision support systems, the control problem, and physician-patient dialogue.

Artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support systems have a potential to improve clinical practice, but they may have a negative impact on the physician-patient dialogue, because of the control problem. Physician-patient dialogue depends on human qualities such as compassion, trust, and empathy, which are shared by both parties. These qualities are necessary for the parties to reach a shared understanding -the merging of horizons- about clinical decisions.

Reduction in Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer, Inner Plexiform Layer, and Choroidal Thickness in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purposes: The aim of this study was to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), choroidal layer, inner plexiform layer (IPL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL) in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: In this study, we measured the thickness of the RNFL, GCL, IPL, and choroidal thickness using a spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT) device and we compared the results between the children diagnosed with ASD and healthy controls. Correlation between the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the OCT data was evaluated.

Can Red Blood Cell and Platelet Parameters Be Associated With Inflammation in Children With Tic Disorder?

Objective: Tic disorder (TD) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders and its etiology has not been fully elucidated. Complete blood count (CBC) values have been used as indicators of a systemic inflammatory response. In our study, we aimed to assess hemogram parameters in drug-naive, comorbidity-free children with TD compared with controls.

Sociodemographic and social barriers to early detection of autism.

Background: The increasing incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common finding of many studies. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment approaches for ASD can provide favourable clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the age at diagnosis, in children with ASD.

Is It Possible to Allocate Life? Triage, Ageism, and Narrative Identity.

Triage protocols can exclude older patients for the sake of effectiveness and this may be defended as the older have already had their fair share of life, which can mean fair amounts or complete lives. Nevertheless, if life is considered as a narrative, mentioning amounts might be nonsensical. Narratives have a quality of unity; so, life events are fragments whose meanings are dependent on the meaning of the whole.

Comparison of different estimation methods for extreme value distribution.

The extreme value distribution was developed for modeling extreme-order statistics or extreme events. In this study, we discuss the distribution of the largest extreme. The main objective of this paper is to determine the best estimators of the unknown parameters of the extreme value distribution.

Psychological profiles, quality of life, and parental attitudes in children with Sighing dyspnea.

Background: There are a limited number of studies investigating the relationship of sighing dyspnea (SD) with psychiatric disorders and various mental states.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 39 pediatric patients with SD, but free from apparent cardiopulmonary diseases, who presented to a pediatric pulmonology policlinic between June and December 2019 and age-gender matched 34 healthy children were recruited for comparison. Patient characteristics, psychological or physical trauma history, and cigarette smoke exposure were recorded.

Home participation, support and barriers among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: Few studies have focused on the participation of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in daily routine and leisure activities. This study aimed to compare the participation, support and barriers for children with ADHD at home pre-COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods: The study included 55 children with ADHD aged 6-11 years.

Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in alcohol use disorder.

Lymphocyte-related parameters in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) have recently been investigated. However, knowledge of platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in AUD is limited. In this study, we compared complete blood count values of 31 AUD male patients and 31 healthy male controls.

Complete blood count alterations due to the opioid use: what about the lymphocyte-related ratios, especially in monocyte to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio?

This study was designed to compare the complete blood count values of opioid users (N = 61) and healthy subjects (N = 61), particularly monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). PLR, MLR, and percentage of monocyte (MONO%) were significantly lower in opioid use disorder (OUD) group (P = 0.012, P = 0.

The understanding of risk factors for eating disorders in male adolescents.

Objective: The study aimed to describe the medical, psychiatric, and cultural features of adolescent males with an eating disorder (ED).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective evaluation took place at Hacettepe University, İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, and covered a 4-year period between 2010 and 2013. Sixty adolescents were diagnosed with an ED during this period, 47 (78.

Effect O6-guanine alkylation on DNA flexibility studied by comparative molecular dynamics simulations.

Alkylation of guanine at the O6 atom is a highly mutagenic DNA lesion because it alters the coding specificity of the base causing G:C to A:T transversion mutations. Specific DNA repair enzymes, e.g.

Enhanced conformational sampling of carbohydrates by Hamiltonian replica-exchange simulation.

Knowledge of the structure and conformational flexibility of carbohydrates in an aqueous solvent is important to improving our understanding of how carbohydrates function in biological systems. In this study, we extend a variant of the Hamiltonian replica-exchange molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to improve the conformational sampling of saccharides in an explicit solvent. During the simulations, a biasing potential along the glycosidic-dihedral linkage between the saccharide monomer units in an oligomer is applied at various levels along the replica runs to enable effective transitions between various conformations.

Effect of 8-oxoguanine on DNA structure and deformability.

8-Oxoguanine (oxoG) is an abundant product of oxidative DNA damage. It is removed by repair glycosylases, but exactly how the enzymes recognize oxoG in the large surplus of undamaged bases is not fully understood. The lesion may induce changes in the properties of naked DNA that facilitate the recognition.

Stabilization of duplex DNA and RNA by dangling ends studied by free energy simulations.

Single unpaired nucleotides at the end of double-stranded nucleic acids, termed dangling ends, can contribute to duplex stability. Umbrella sampling free energy simulations of dangling cytosine and guanine nucleotides at the end of duplex and single stranded RNA and DNA molecules have been used to investigate the molecular origin of dangling end effects. In unrestraint simulations, the dangling end nucleotides stayed close to placements observed in experimental structures.

Influence of 8-oxoguanosine on the fine structure of DNA studied with biasing-potential replica exchange simulations.

Chemical modification or radiation can cause DNA damage, which plays a crucial role for mutagenesis of DNA, carcinogenesis, and aging. DNA damage can also alter the fine structure of DNA that may serve as a recognition signal for DNA repair enzymes. A new, advanced sampling replica-exchange method has been developed to specifically enhance the sampling of conformational substates in duplex DNA during molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Antidiabetic sulfonylureas modulate farnesoid X receptor activation and target gene transcription.

Background: The sulfonylureas glibenclamide and glimepiride are oral antidiabetic drugs that stimulate insulin secretion by closing pancreatic ATP-dependent potassium channels. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates the expression of several target genes involved in bile acid metabolism and lipid and glucose homeostasis.

Methods: In this study we investigated the potential effects of sulfonylureas on the signaling of FXR using a reporter-gene assay, real-time qPCR and computational methods such as molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations.

Identification and characterization of acute infection with parvovirus B19 genotype 2 in immunocompromised patients in Poland.

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is divided into three genotypes. Genotypes 2 and 3 may cause diagnostic difficulties and their epidemiology is not well understood. In the present study the prevalence of B19V genotypes in patients with symptomatic infection in Poland was evaluated and the course of infection in patients infected with non-genotype 1 strains is described.

Applicability of the principle of respect for autonomy: the perspective of Turkey.

Turkey has a complex character, which has differences from the Western world or Eastern Asia as well as common points. Even after more than a century of efforts to modernise and integrate with the West, Turkish society has values that are different from those of the West, as well as having Western values. It is worth questioning whether ordinary Turkish people show an individualistic character.

On the Ottoman consent documents for medical interventions and the modern concept of informed consent.

Information for patients prior to medical intervention is one of the principles of modern medical practice. In this study, we looked at an earlier practice of this principle. Ottoman judges had record books called sicil.