Invivo generated autologous plasmin enzyme assisted vitrectomy, partial circumferential-oral retinotomy, silicone oil injection in patients with chronic retinal detachment without posterior vitreous detachment.

Purpose: To report the results of invivo generated autologous plasmin enzyme(IVAP) assisted vitrectomy, partial circumferential-oral retinotomy and silicone oil injection for surgical treatment of patients with chronic retinal detachment without posterior vitreous detachment(PVD).

Methods: Study was performed in retrospective, comparative manner. A total of 16 consecutive eyes with chronic retinal detachment who had intravitreal injection of 50 µgr of t-PA and 0.

Preoperative co-application of bevacizumab and tissue plasminogen activator in vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical benefits of the co-application of bevacizumab and tissue plasminogen activator as adjuncts in the surgical treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: Patients who underwent vitrectomy for proliferative dia-betic retinopathy complications were preoperatively given in-travitreal injection with either bevacizumab and tissue plasminogen activator (Group 1) or bevacizumab alone (Group 2). Primary outcomes were surgery time and number of intraoperative iatrogenic retinal breaks.

In vivo generated autologous plasmin assisted vitrectomy in young patients.

Background: Autologous plasmin enzyme facilitates the induction of posterior vitreous detachment(PVD) during vitrectomy in young patients. We proposed the concept of in-vivo generated plasmin which is based on the injection of tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA) and autologous whole blood(AWB) into the vitreous cavity. The purpose of this pilot study is to report the efficacy of preoperative simultaneous intravitreal injection of(t-PA) and autologous whole blood in facilitating the intraoperative induction of PVD in young patients with various vitreoretinal pathologies.

Standardized Classification of Mechanical Ocular Injuries: Efficacy and Shortfalls.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and the shortfalls of the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology classification system for ocular trauma in predicting the visual outcome.

Methods: The records of 256 eyes of 246 patients with a diagnosis of mechanical ocular trauma admitted to the Osman Gazi University Hospital ophthalmology department between 1995 and 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. The zone, type, grade, and pupil status of the injuries were determined according to the Birmingham classification system.

The Influence of Slit Lamp Shield Size and Design in Reducing Aerosol Transmission.

Purpose: Previous studies have highlighted the effectiveness of slit lamp shields in reducing aerosol spread. Our study investigated the optimal size and design for such shields.

Methods: Two sets of shields were made; each set included five cardboards of the following dimensions: 1 (44 × 52 cm), 2 (44 × 44 cm), 3 (22 × 52 cm), 4 (22 × 33.

Experimental Laboratory Modeling of Choroidal Vasculature: A Study of the Dynamics of Intraoperative Choroidal Hemorrhage during Pars Plana Vitrectomy.

Objectives: Choroidal hemorrhages (CH) result from rupture of choroidal vessels leading to extravasation of blood into the suprachoroidal space. In this study, we aimed to understand the hemodynamics of CH by developing a purpose-built scale model of the choroidal vasculature and calculating stress levels in the model under different conditions.

Materials And Methods: We modeled the choroidal vasculature using a rubber tube 10 cm in length and 1 cm in diameter that was wrapped with conductive thread to enable the measurement of stress at the walls of the tube.

The Surgeon's Role in Inducing and Controlling Motion Errors During Intraocular Membrane Peeling Procedures.

Objectives: To understand the surgeon's role in inducing and correcting movement inaccuracies during intraocular membrane peeling procedures.

Materials And Methods: Optical sensors were used to record movement errors during actuation at the distal tip of 23-gauge pneumatic forceps both when the handle was handheld and when fixed with no human contact. Movements were also recorded at the proximal part of the forceps shaft (near the sclerotomy site) and compared to movement recorded at the distal end.

Unintentional Movements During the Use of Vitreoretinal Forceps.

Purpose: Intraocular forceps used in vitreoretinal surgery are actuated by squeezing their handles. We studied the relationship between actuation and any accompanying unintentional movements of the instrument tip, and compared different handle designs and gauges.

Methods: Optical sensors were used to measure involuntary movements of forceps tips while monitoring the extent of actuation.

Macular displacement following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

Aims: To investigate the incidence of macula displacement and symptoms of distortion following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair, quantify the displacement where seen and further characterise the nature of the displacement.

Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing primary RRD repair were assessed postoperatively with fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography imaging, and the extent of macula displacement quantified using a novel means. Findings were examined for correlations with symptoms and pre-operative features.

Dynamics of epiretinal membrane removal off the retinal surface: a computer simulation project.

Aim: To use a computer simulation to discern the safest angle at which to peel epiretinal membranes.

Methods: We used ANSYS V.14.

Foveal light exposure is increased at the time of removal of silicone oil with the potential for phototoxicity.

Background: There is sudden and dramatic visual function deterioration in 1-10 % of eyes filled with silicone oil at the time of removal of silicon oil. Transmission of high-energy blue light is increased in eyes filled with silicone oil. We sought to identify if increased foveal light exposure is a potential factor in the pathophysiology of the visual loss at the time of removal of silicone oil.

Retrospective study of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments secondary to round retinal holes.

Purpose: The authors aim to analyze the incidence, characteristics, surgical management, and outcome of patients presenting to St Thomas' Hospital with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment secondary to atrophic round retinal holes.

Methods: This is a retrospective collation of patients presenting to a single surgeon with a round hole-associated retinal detachment between 2001 and 2009. Specific collation of demographics, retinal detachment features, choice of management, complications, requirement for further surgery, and ultimate surgical success with final visual acuity is reported.

Performance of a North American field population and a laboratory colony of the potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella, on foliage of resistant and susceptible potato clones.

Foliar resistance of two potato clones was tested against a Columbia Basin field population (CBFP) and a Colorado laboratory colony (COLC) of the potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). The first clone was a cross of a cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), and a wild potato, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes (Q 174-2); the second clone was cv.

A method for subsampling terrestrial invertebrate samples in the laboratory: estimating abundance and taxa richness.

Significant progress has been made in developing subsampling techniques to process large samples of aquatic invertebrates. However, limited information is available regarding subsampling techniques for terrestrial invertebrate samples. Therefore a novel subsampling procedure was evaluated for processing samples of terrestrial invertebrates collected using two common field techniques: pitfall and pan traps.

Resistance of potato germplasm to the potato tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).

The evaluation of potato germplasm for resistance to potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a valuable component of integrated pest management; however, few attempts have been made to identify natural genetic tuber resistance to tuberworm on potato germplasm. The objective of this study was to screen potato germplasm with potential tuberworm resistance for tuber resistance under field and laboratory conditions. Experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period at the Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Hermiston, OR.

Spatial pattern and sequential sampling of squash bug (Heteroptera: Coreidae) adults in watermelon.

Spatial distribution patterns of adult squash bugs were determined in watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai, during 2001 and 2002. Results of analysis using Taylor's power law regression model indicated that squash bugs were aggregated in watermelon. Taylor's power law provided a good fit with r2 = 0.

Tritrophic interaction of parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Homoptera: Aphididae), and greenbug-resistant sorghum hybrids.

Interactions of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) and the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), on greenbug-resistant 'Cargill 607E' (antibiosis), 'Cargill 797' (primarily tolerance), and -susceptible 'Golden Harvest 510B' sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, were tested using three levels of biotype I greenbug infestation. The parasitoid infestation rate was 0.

Comparison of management strategies for squash bugs (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in watermelon.

Two watermelon pest management practices, a squash trap crop and a standard recommendation using soil-applied carbofuran, were compared using large-scale field plots to assess trap crop suitability as a replacement for the standard in 2000, 2001, and 2002. In both systems, foliar insecticide applications were used to control squash bugs when populations exceeded threshold levels. During 2001 and 2002, a treatment of untreated watermelon was used.