A new risk scoring system for early prediction of surgical need in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction: a single-center retrospective clinical study.

Purpose: Cases of adhesive small bowel obstruction are a nuisance to surgeons. There have been years of ongoing discussions, and various guidelines have been published for the management of this disease. Both surgical and conservative approaches can have their own complications.

Odour motion sensing enhances navigation of complex plumes.

Odour plumes in the wild are spatially complex and rapidly fluctuating structures carried by turbulent airflows. To successfully navigate plumes in search of food and mates, insects must extract and integrate multiple features of the odour signal, including odour identity, intensity and timing. Effective navigation requires balancing these multiple streams of olfactory information and integrating them with other sensory inputs, including mechanosensory and visual cues.

Walking navigate complex plumes using stochastic decisions biased by the timing of odor encounters.

How insects navigate complex odor plumes, where the location and timing of odor packets are uncertain, remains unclear. Here we imaged complex odor plumes simultaneously with freely-walking flies, quantifying how behavior is shaped by encounters with individual odor packets. We found that navigation was stochastic and did not rely on the continuous modulation of speed or orientation.

The Comparison of Hemoglobin Values Measured by Blood and Continuous Non-Invasive Monitoring (SpHb) in Newborn Infants.

Objective: Hemoglobin (Hb) measurement is one of the most commonly used laboratory tests in medical practice. Unnecessary blood sampling, especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), contributes to iatrogenic anemia. Continuous non-invasive monitoring of total Hb (SpHb) was compared with invasive venous blood samples (tHb) in NICU patients.

Controlling and measuring dynamic odorant stimuli in the laboratory.

Animals experience complex odorant stimuli that vary widely in composition, intensity and temporal properties. However, stimuli used to study olfaction in the laboratory are much simpler. This mismatch arises from the challenges in measuring and controlling them precisely and accurately.

Uropathogens and antibiotic resistance in the community and hospital-induced urinary tract infected children.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed at identifying community and hospital-induced uropathogens isolated in urinary tract infection (UTI) determining the regional antibiotic resistance and the antibiotic preferences in empirical treatment in Sanliurfa/Turkey.

Methods: The urinary culture results of the 842 paediatric patients, who were aged between 0 and 18 years, admitted to Department of Pediatrics, Harran University Medi-cal Faculty Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey with UTI complaints, diagnosed with UTI and in whose urine cultures production was detected, were retrospectively evaluated. Age, gender, clinical findings and culture results of the patients were examined in terms of reproducing pathogens, the frequency of their being community and hospital induced, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase production of reproduced pathogens, sensitivity and resistance to antibiotics.

A novel homozygous GALC variant has been associated with Krabbe disease in a consanguineous family.

Krabbe disease (KD) or globoid cell leukodystrophy is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder involving the white matter of the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is caused by a deficiency of galactocerebrosidase enzyme activity. The most common manifestation is the classical early onset KD that leads to patient's loss before the age of 2.

Brain metabolite values in children with breath-holding spells.

Breath-holding spells are benign, paroxysmal events with apnea and postural tone changes after a crying episode in infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the pathologies in brain metabolite values in the absence of seizure in children with breath-holding spells by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Brain MRS examination was performed on 18 children with breath-holding spells and 13 neurologically normal children who were included as the control group.

Olfactory receptor neurons use gain control and complementary kinetics to encode intermittent odorant stimuli.

Insects find food and mates by navigating odorant plumes that can be highly intermittent, with intensities and durations that vary rapidly over orders of magnitude. Much is known about olfactory responses to pulses and steps, but it remains unclear how olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) detect the intensity and timing of natural stimuli, where the absence of scale in the signal makes detection a formidable olfactory task. By stimulating ORNs in vivo with naturalistic and Gaussian stimuli, we show that ORNs adapt to stimulus mean and variance, and that adaptation and saturation contribute to naturalistic sensing.

Resonance in the response of the bacterial flagellar motor to thermal oscillations.

We have studied the dynamics of the Escherichia coli flagellar motor's angular velocity in response to thermal oscillations. We find that the oscillations' amplitude of the motor's angular velocity exhibits resonance when the temperature is oscillated at frequencies around 4 Hz. This resonance appears to be due to the existence of a natural mode of oscillation in the state of the motor, specifically in the torque generated by the motor.

Reverse U-shaped horseshoe kidney accompanied by gibbus deformity and spina bifida.

Horseshoe kidney (HSK) is the most common fusion anomaly of kidneys. Diagnosis of horseshoe kidneys is made by the demonstration of an isthmus or band of renal tissue between the lower poles of the kidneys. Connection between the upper poles of the kidneys is extremely rare.

Bacterial thermotaxis by speed modulation.

Naturally occurring gradients often extend over relatively long distances such that their steepness is too small for bacteria to detect. We studied the bacterial behavior in such thermal gradients. We find that bacteria migrate along shallow thermal gradients due to a change in their swimming speed resulting from the effect of temperature on the intracellular pH, which also depends on the chemical environment.

Effects of population density and chemical environment on the behavior of Escherichia coli in shallow temperature gradients.

In shallow temperature gradients, changes in temperature that bacteria experience occur over long time scales. Therefore, slow processes such as adaptation, metabolism, chemical secretion and even gene expression become important. Since these are cellular processes, the cell density is an important parameter that affects the bacteria's response.