Comparative in vitro activities of seven antifungal drugs against clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis complex.

Objective: Candida parapsilosis species complex, an important set of non-albicans Candida species, is known to cause candidaemia particularly in neonates and infants. However, the incidence has increased in recent years, owing to higher numbers of at individuals at risk for these infections. Our objective was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of C.

Otomycosis Due to the Rare Fungi Talaromyces purpurogenus, Naganishia albida and Filobasidium magnum.

Otomycosis is a common finding in otorhinolaryngology clinics and is usually caused by species of Candida and Aspergillus, particularly black aspergilli. Meanwhile, other fungi can give rise to this infection, and the identification of these requires accurate methods. Here, we report three cases of otomycosis due to rare fungal pathogens.

Differential Gene Expression of ASUN, NEMF, PTPRC and DHX29: Candidate Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Active and Latent Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important infectious causes of death throughout the world. A wide range of technologies have been used for the diagnosis of TB. However, current diagnostic tests are inadequate.

Cystic Echinococcosis in Children: High Frequency of Multiple Organs Involved in the North of Iran.

Introduction: Echinococcosis, as an important zoonotic infection, has a major worldwide distribution. Pediatric echinococcosis has still become health concerning issue in developing countries, particularly, in the Middle East and Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the human echinococcosis in children in northern Iran.

Impact of spasticity on functioning in spinal cord injury: an application of graphical modelling.

Objective: To identify the impact of moderate-to-severe spasticity on functioning in people living with spinal cord injury.

Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data using graphical modelling.

Subjects: Individuals (n = 1,436) with spinal cord injury aged over 16 years with reported spasticity problems.

Pulmonary Nocardia ignorata Infection in Gardener, Iran, 2017.

Nocardia ignorata, which was first described in 2001, is a rare human pathogen. We report a case of pulmonary nocardiosis caused by this bacterium in a 55-year-old man from Iran. The patient, a gardener, had frequent exposure to soil and may have acquired the infection from that source.

Can Interferon-γ Release Assays Be Useful for Monitoring the Response to Anti-tuberculosis Treatment?: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The number of studies which evaluated interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) results after anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment has been rapidly increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of IGRAs (QFT-GIT, T-SPOT.TB, QFT-Plus) in assessing the response to anti-TB treatment.

Reconstruction of Networks with Direct and Indirect Genetic Effects.

Genetic variance of a phenotypic trait can originate from direct genetic effects, or from indirect effects, , through genetic effects on other traits, affecting the trait of interest. This distinction is often of great importance, for example, when trying to improve crop yield and simultaneously control plant height. As suggested by Sewall Wright, assessing contributions of direct and indirect effects requires knowledge of (1) the presence or absence of direct genetic effects on each trait, and (2) the functional relationships between the traits.

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) fruit hydro-alcoholic extract alleviates reproductive toxicity of lead in male mice: Evidence on sperm parameters, sex hormones, oxidative stress biomarkers and expression of and .

Objective: Carob  is an evergreen tree with fruits that have potent antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate alleviative effects of carob fruit hydro-alcoholic extract (CFHAE) against reproductive toxicity induced by lead (Pb) in male mice.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two NMRI adult male mice were randomly categorized into 7 groups (N=6).

Indifferent effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) combined with fluconazole against multidrug-resistant .

Background And Purpose: Emergence and development of antifungal drug resistance in species constitute a serious concern. as an emerging multidrug-resistant fungus is the most important public health threat with high levels of mortality and morbidity. Almost all isolates are resistant to fluconazole, and there have been reports of elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to amphotericin B and echinocandins.

Prevalence of active tuberculosis infection in transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is considered as a serious complication of organ transplant; therefore, the detection and appropriate treatment of active TB infection is highly recommended for the reduction of mortality in the future. The aim of this review was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the prevalence of active TB infection in transplant recipients (TRs).

Material And Methods: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS and Web of Science were searched up to December 24, 2017.

Antibiotic resistance and genotyping of gram-negative bacteria causing hospital-acquired infection in patients referred to Children's Medical Center.

Background And Aim: Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is a major problem worldwide. Understanding patterns of bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility is vital to combating HAI. Besides, typing of isolates is important to establish the intra-hospital surveillance of resistant clones.

In vitro synergy of echinocandins with triazoles against fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis complex isolates.

Introduction: Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis) is a common non-albicans Candida species ranked as the second common cause of bloodstream infections. Azole resistance and elevated echinocandin MICs have been reported for these fungi.

The use of in vivo confocal microscopy to track treatment success in fungal keratitis and to differentiate between Fusarium and Aspergillus keratitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of serial in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) examinations to measure hyphal density for monitoring the treatment success among patients with fungal keratitis, and to compare the hyphal diameter as well as branching angle as a way of differentiation between Aspergillus and Fusarium species observed in IVCM.

Study Design: Prospective nonrandomized study.

Patients And Methods: The study was conducted from February 2015 to September 2016.

Epidemiology of echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. The two major types of infection in humans are cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). It is endemic in some parts of the world, such as the Middle East, with Iran being a part of it.

Behavioral, histopathological, and biochemical evaluations on the effects of cinnamaldehyde, naloxone, and their combination in morphine-induced cerebellar toxicity.

Long-term morphine use for therapeutic approaches may lead to serious side effects. Several studies have suggested opioid antagonist and antioxidant therapy for reducing adverse effects of morphine. Cinnamaldehyde has a potent anti-oxidant property.

Heterogeneity in old fibroblasts is linked to variability in reprogramming and wound healing.

Age-associated chronic inflammation (inflammageing) is a central hallmark of ageing, but its influence on specific cells remains largely unknown. Fibroblasts are present in most tissues and contribute to wound healing. They are also the most widely used cell type for reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, a process that has implications for regenerative medicine and rejuvenation strategies.

Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Infection among Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency and Effect of Patient Screening on Disease Outcomes, Iran.

Patients with immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) are potential poliovirus reservoirs in the posteradication era that might reintroduce polioviruses into the community. We update the iVDPV registry in Iran by reporting 9 new patients. In addition to national acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, cases were identified by screening nonparalyzed primary immunodeficiency (PID) patients.

Comparison of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube interferon-γ release assays: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) is a new generation of QuantiFERON assay that differs from QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT). The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the new FDA-approved QFT-Plus interferon (IFN)-γ release assays (IGRAs) with the QFT-GIT version of this assay.

Material And Methods: We searched all studies published in English in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Diagnostic accuracy of interferon (IFN)-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10) as a biomarker for the discrimination of active and latent tuberculosis.

To assess the potency of Interferon (IFN)-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10) stimulated by recombinant PE35 and PPE68 as a biomarker in differentiating between active and latent tuberculosis. Patients with active pulmonary TB (PTB) (n = 30), latent TB infection (LTBI) (n = 29), and BCG-vaccinated healthy controls (HCs) (n = 30) were enrolled and blood samples were taken from them. The diagnostic performance of IP-10 was evaluated by the Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Molecular Identification, Genotypic Diversity, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Clinical Outcomes of Infections Caused by Clinically Underrated Yeasts, , and : An Iranian Multicenter Study (2014-2019).

Despite the increasing occurrence of and in clinical settings, little is known about their microbiological and clinical properties. Herein, we conducted a national retrospective study (2014-2019) from multiple centers in Iran. Among the 1,770 isolates collected, we identified 600 species complex isolates.

Epidemiologic and clinical findings of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in four provinces of Iran.

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still a remarkable challenge throughout the world, especially in developing countries. Despite the fact that HIV in children is becoming one of the most challenging diseases, it seems that pediatric AIDS in Iran is an unknown disease and there is a lack of studies about it. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of HIV-positive children who referred to the hospitals of Tehran, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, and Qom provinces of Iran.

In Vitro Interaction of Geldanamycin with Triazoles and Echinocandins Against Common and Emerging Candida Species.

The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro interactions of geldanamycin (Hsp90-inhibitor) with triazoles and echinocandins against common and emerging Candida species. Twenty clinically important Candida strains comprising C. auris, C.