Activities and polymorphisms of MMP-2 and MMP-9, smoking, diabetes and risk of prostate cancer.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc dependent enzymes that are involved in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The role of MMP-2 and -9 genetic polymorphism in different malignancies has been the subject of numerous studies. The present research has attempted to discover any positive correlation between MMP-2 and MMP-9 SNPs and prostate cancer (PCa) in patients with a history of either diabetes or smoking habits.

Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Background: Presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a negative effect on the resolution of incontinence; however, there are few studies which investigated the risk factors of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in patients with ADHD.

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of NE and its risk factors in children with ADHD.

Methods: 331 children, aged 6 to 10 years, diagnosed as having ADHD were enrolled in this study.

Effect of cigarette smoke on spermatogenesis in rats.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the process of spermatogenesis in rats exposed to the cigarette smoke.

Materials And Methods: Thirty adult male rats were divided into 2 groups of cases and controls. An apparatus made especially for this study was used to produce smoke from a commonly used cigarette and expose the rats to the smoke.

Pediatric cystine calculi in west of Iran: a study of 22 cases.

Introduction: Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder which clinically presents as cystine calculi. In this study, we reviewed cystine calculi cases in the west of Iran to determine their common presentations and response to different therapeutic modalities.

Materials And Methods: Between 1999 and 2005, we had 22 pediatric patients (11 boys and 11 girls) with cystine calculi.