Fair charging management of PHEVs in radial distribution networks with DG resources-a case study.

Considering the widespread use of PHEVs in advanced societies and the issues ahead, researchers' thinking has focused more on this issue. The important issue is that the use of EVs is increasing due to the advantages, but the necessary infrastructure for their charging stations in the distribution networks does not exist. The high penetration level of EVs can create a potential risk for the existing distribution network; the fair charging of EVs has a special value.

Expansion planning of hybrid electrical and thermal systems using reconfiguration and adaptive bat algorithm.

_ This study introduces a comprehensive model for the concurrent expansion planning of various energy systems and their associated equipment. The need to reduce network costs, emissions, losses, and feeder loading, as well as to enhance network reliability and voltage profile, mandates the utilization of proper multi-objective planning models that respect all network constraints. The introduced framework includes units for generating both electrical and thermal energies.