Development of folic acid-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical delivery: preparation, characterisation and investigation.

The present work is designed to achieve efficient localised skin delivery of folic acid (FA)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to infer efficient treatment of skin photoageing conditions induced via excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. FA NLCs were prepared by high-speed homogenisation followed by ultrasonication. The obtained NLCs revealed high encapsulation efficiencies (89.

Enhancement of the intranasal delivery of insulin via a novel mucoadhesive Carbopol gel.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to develop an intranasal insulin gel using Carbopol homogenization rather than neutralization and to examine the effectiveness of the gel compared with a subcutaneous injection.

Methods: Four factors, namely the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG), the concentration of Carbopol, the temperature of preparation and the type of absorption enhancer, were evaluated for their effect on viscosity and in-vitro insulin release. Bioavailability of insulin from selected formulations was compared with an intranasal solution and subcutaneous injection in rabbits.