A nested variant of urothelial carcinoma of the urethra and urinary bladder: A case report and review of literature.

Nested variant of urothelial carcinoma (NV-UC) is an extremely rare cancer with a nonspecific presentation. It is usually identified at a late stage, which makes the treatment challenging. Herein we report the case of a 52-year-old woman with an advanced NV-UC treated by anterior exenteration after a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Design and characterization of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell loaded alginate/pullulan/hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffold for wound healing applications.

Recently, significant attention has been focused on the progression of skin equivalents to facilitate faster wound healing and thereby skin restoration. The main aim of this study was the design and characterization of a novel polysaccharide-based hydrogel scaffold by using alginate, pullulan, and hyaluronic acid polymers to provide an appropriate microenvironment to deliver Adipose-derived mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASC) in order to promote wound healing in an animal model. Characterization of synthesized hydrogel was done by using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).

Direct Smear Versus Liquid-Based Cytology in the Diagnosis of Bladder Lesions.

Background & Objective: Urine cytology is an important diagnostic method for urinary tract cancers (especially carcinomas), which is suitable for follow-up of residual urothelial tumors after surgery of malignant bladder tumors. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) was used for the first time in cervical cytology Compared to direct smear cytology (DSC), LBC reduced background elements (including cellular debris, inflammatory cells, and blood cells), provided better cell preservation, and had a higher satisfaction rate. In this study, we performed two different methods (DSC and LBC) to detect bladder lesions; also, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of these methods.

Rare Case of Small Cell Metastatic Prostatic Adenocarcinoma, Properly Staged by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Scan.

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the prostate is a very rare entity and one of most aggressive neuroendocrine malignancies of prostate. We present a 60-year-old man with pathology-proven prostatic SCC by transrectal biopsy with ultrasonography guidance and Gleason score of 5 + 5. He was referred to perform 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan for staging.

Polyomavirus Associated Nephropathy: Frequency and Graft Survival Analysis in Northeast of Iran.

Background & Objective: Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN), mainly caused by the BK virus, is one of the most important infectious complications of kidney transplantation. The leading histopathologic characteristics of PVAN is viral cytopathic effects, such as nucleomegaly with smudged or clumped chromatin and intranuclear ground-glass inclusion, mostly in tubular epithelial cells. Moreover, tubular necrosis, tubulitis, interstitial inflammation, atrophy, and fibrosis have been noted.

Amelioration of regulatory T cells by Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in pristane-induced lupus mice model.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an indispensable role in the control of immune responses and induction of peripheral tolerance. Dysregulation of Tregs is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Tolerogenic probiotics have shown beneficial effects in the control of autoimmune diseases.

Assessment of clinicopathologic features in patients with pituitary adenomas in Northeast of Iran: A 13-year retrospective study.

Background: Intracranial lesions of the pituitary gland are common pituitary adenomas, accounting for 6-10% of all symptomatic intracranial tumors. In this retrospective study, the clinicopathologic features and survival rate of pituitary adenomas were evaluated.

Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted on 83 patients with pituitary adenomas, referring to radiation oncology departments of Ghaem and Omid Hospitals, Mashhad, Iran, over a period of 13 years (1999-2012).

p63 is more sensitive and specific than 34βE12 to differentiate adenocarcinoma of prostate from cancer mimickers.

Objectives: Prostate cancer is the world's leading cause of cancer and the second cause of cancer-related death in men after lung cancer. Differentiation of prostate adenocarcinoma from benign prostate lesions and hyperplasia sometimes cannot be done on the basis of morphologic findings. Considering the fact that in the prostate adenocarcinoma there is no basal cell layer, basal cell markers can help to differentiate prostate adenocarcinoma from cancer mimickers.

Primary malignant chest wall tumors: analysis of 40 patients.

Background: Primary chest wall tumors originate from different constructions of thoracic wall. We report our multidisciplinary experience on primary thoracic tumor resection and thoracic reconstruction, the need to additional therapy and evaluating prognostic factors affecting survival.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of our prospectively maintained database of 40 patients treated for malignant primary chest wall tumor from 1989 to 2009.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery in locally advanced cervical cancer during pregnancy: case report and review of literature.

For pregnant patients with cervical cancer, treatment recommendations are individualized and dependent on the stage of the disease, gestational age at the time of diagnosis, and the patient's desire as to the cosntinuation of the pregnancy. The aim of this study is to describe the outcome of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radical surgery and pelvic lymphadenectomy in a woman with cervical cancer who wished to maintain her pregnancy. This is a report of a 26-week pregnant woman with locally advanced cervical cancer stage I(b2) (FIGO) who was successfully treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy Paclitaxel plus platinum, followed by C/S and radical surgery.

Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in advanced or metastatic prostate carcinoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions with biochemical failure-free survival in patients with advanced or metastatic prostate carcinoma (PCa) undergoing androgen deprivation therapy.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was performed on patients with locally advanced (≥ T3) or metastatic PCa, who were referred to Omid Hospital between years 2003 and 2007. All subjects had undergone androgen deprivation therapy.

P53 overexpression in bladder urothelial neoplasms: new aspect of World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology classification.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the probable differences in P53 expression between papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) and varying grades of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.

Materials And Methods: Ten biopsy specimens of the patients with PUNLMP, 20 of the patients with papillary low-grade TCC, 20 of those with invasive high-grade TCC, and 10 of healthy individuals were stained for P53 protein by immunohitochemical methods. Histological grading was performed according to the World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification of urothelial neoplasms of the urinary bladder.