Nitrate levels in vegetables from markets in Tehran, Iran.

This study is aimed at measuring nitrate levels in different vegetables from Tehran's markets that are consumed raw and fresh and to evaluate human health risk. Basil, parsley, radish leaves, cress, leek, radish, spring onion were randomly collected from local markets and the nitrate content was analysed by spectrophotometry. Average nitrate levels in the samples were 40.

Bisphenol A in dairy products, amount, potential risks, and the various analytical methods, a systematic review.

This systematic study deals with the amount of bisphenol A (BPA) in milk and dairy products, its analytical methods, and risk assessment. Milk is one of the drinks that has a high consumption. Bisphenol A can be present both in raw milk and its amount undergoes changes during the pasteurization process.

Protective Effects of Glatiramer Acetate Against Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats: A Role for Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major challenge for cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy with paclitaxel. Therefore, finding effective therapies for CIPN is crucial. Glatiramer acetate is used to treat multiple sclerosis that exerts neuroprotective properties in various studies.

Evaluation of zinc oxide nanocomposite with gel for packaging of chicken fillet against and A.

The growing demand for high food quality has been encouraging researchers in the food industry to apply biodegradable nanocomposites, which provide new opportunities and challenges for the advance of nanomaterials in the food industry. The objective of this study was to estimate the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity effects of zinc oxide nanocomposite/zeolite (c/Zeo) with gel (AG) and its effect on the shelf life of chicken meat. The ZnONPs/Zeo was assessed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses.

The aqueous extract of Artemisia Absinthium L. stimulates HO-1/MT-1/Cyp450 signaling pathway via oxidative stress regulation induced by aluminium oxide nanoparticles (α and γ) animal model.

Background: This research aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Artemisia Absinthium L. (Abs) against liver damage induced by aluminium oxide nanoparticles (AlO NPs) in rats, including both structural and functional changes associated with hepatotoxicity.

Methods: Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6).

Effects of acute exposure to AlO-NPs (α and γ) and white noise and their combination on cochlea structure and function in Wistar rats.

Hearing loss induced by noise and combinations of factors is a common occupational disease among workers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of acute exposure to white noise and AlO NPs, alone and in combination, on changes in the hearing and structural functions of the cochlea in rats. Thirty-six rats were randomly assigned to one of six groups: Control, acute exposure to white noise, exposure to γ-AlO NPs, exposure to noise plus γ-AlO NPs, exposure to α-AlO NPs, and exposure to the combination of noise plus α-AlO NPs.

Association Between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Heavy Metal Exposure: a Systematic Review.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a debilitating disease with adverse effects including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Heavy metals can cause severe dysfunction in different body organs including the liver. This review offers the study regarding the positive or negative association between heavy metals exposure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Evaluation of DNA methylation in , , and before and after treatment with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor in major depressive disorder.

To identify the DNA methylation status of related genes in major depressive disorder following selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor treatment. 45 patients with major depressive disorder and 45 healthy volunteers were considered experimental and control groups, respectively. High-resolution melting real-time PCR was implemented to evaluate DNA methylation.

Effect of heat stress on DNA damage: a systematic literature review.

Thermal stress has a direct effect on various types of DNA damage, which depends on the stage of the cell cycle when the cell is exposed to different climate conditions. A literature review was conducted to systematically investigate and assess the overall effect of heat stress and DNA damage following heat exposure. In this study, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to find relevant literature on DNA damage in different ambient temperatures.

Melatonin ameliorates disease severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis by modulating the kynurenine pathway.

Melatonin (MT), a neurohormone with immunomodulatory properties, is one of the metabolites produced in the brain from tryptophan (TRP) that has already strong links with the neuropathogenesis of Multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the exact molecular mechanisms behind that are not fully understood. There is some evidence showing that MS and MT are interconnected via different pathways: Relapses of MS has a direct correlation with a low level of MT secretion and a growing body of evidence suggest that MT be therapeutic in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE, a recognise animal model of MS) severity.

Evaluation of statins as a new therapy to alleviate chronotropic dysfunction in cirrhotic rats.

Aims: Liver cirrhosis defines by regenerative nodules and fibrotic septa, causing a complication called cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) with chronotropic hypo-responsiveness. In addition to lowering cholesterol levels, statins yield antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In liver diseases animal models, statins have been shown to decrease hepatic inflammation, fibrogenesis, and portal pressure (PP).

Thermal stress and TiO nanoparticle-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse hippocampus.

Titanium dioxide (nano-TiO) is used abundantly in various industrial products and novel medical therapies. In addition, the impact of climate change on the health and safety will undoubtedly increase in the future. However, the effects of exposure to these nanoparticles and heat stress on hippocampal DNA damage and apoptosis remain unclear.

Deep eutectic solvent as the acceptor phase in three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of pyrethroid insecticides from environmental water samples prior to HPLC.

In this study, a deep eutectic solvent as the acceptor phase was applied in three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction for the microextraction of two pyrethroids (permethrin as well as deltamethrin) from environmental water samples prior to HPLC-UV. A deep eutectic solvent was synthesized of tetrabutylammonium bromide-decanoic acid (in a ratio of 1:2) as an acceptor phase and 1-decanol was applied as a supported liquid membrane. Some main variables affecting the extraction recoveries, comprising the types/contents of extraction solvent and acceptor phase, stirring speed, sample phase pH and extraction time, were checked and optimized.

Cardioprotective effects of sodium thiosulfate against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in male rats.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective antitumor agent, but its clinical usage is limited due to adverse cardiotoxic effects. Several compounds have been studied to reduce DOX cardiotoxicity to improve its therapeutic index. This study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of sodium thiosulfate (STS) pre-treatment against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy in rats.

Antibiotic treatment during pregnancy and lactation in dams exacerbates clinical symptoms and inflammatory responses in offspring with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that an imbalance in the intensive communication between gut microbiota and the host might be associated with immune-related disorders such as multiple sclerosis. This study set out to determine whether antibiotic treatment during pregnancy and lactation can affect the onset and severity of clinical symptoms and inflammatory responses in offspring with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; a mouse model of multiples sclerosis). Female C57BL/6 mice received antibiotics or vehicles during pregnancy and lactation, then their offspring were induced with EAE in adulthood.

Toxicity of Hydrogen Sulfide on Rat Brain Neurons.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a toxic compound known as a member of the gasotransmitter family. HS has the ability to inhibit the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mitochondria play an important role in energy production and the brain needs energy for normal function.

Reducing the risk of death induced by aluminum phosphide poisoning: The new therapies.

Numerous people suffer from accidental or deliberate exposure to different pesticides when poisoning with aluminum phosphate (AlP) is increasing in the eastern countries. Aluminum phosphate is a conventional insecticide that quickly reacts with water or the moistures in the atmosphere and produces fatal phosphine gas, which absorbs quickly by the body. Oral consumption or inhalation of AlP leads to excessive reaction of the body such as fatigue, vomiting, fever, palpitation, vasodilatory shock, increasing blood pressure, cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary congestion, shortness of breath, and death.

Montelukast suppresses the development of irritable bowel syndrome phenotype possibly through modulating NF-κB signaling in an experimental model.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gut disorder with multi-factorial pathophysiology that causes recurring pain or discomfort in the abdomen, as well as altered bowel habits. Montelukast, a well-known cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R) antagonist, is widely used for the anti-inflammatory management of asthma. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pharmacological inhibition of CysLT1R on acetic acid-induced diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) in rats.

Neuroprotective effect of sumatriptan in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure is mediated through N-methyl-D-aspartate/nitric oxide and cAMP response element-binding protein signaling pathway.

Seizure occurs as a result of uncontrolled electrical disturbances within the brain. Various biomolecules such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), nitric oxide (NO), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of seizure. Sumatriptan is a specific 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D receptor agonist and has neuroprotective effects in various neuropsychiatric disorders.

Sensing of oxidative stress biomarkers: The cardioprotective effect of taurine & grape seed extract against the poisoning induced by an agricultural pesticide aluminum phosphide.

Aluminum phosphide is a well-known hazardous agent used as an agricultural pesticide to protect stored grains from insect damage. However, accidental consumption of a trivial amount of it caused irreversible damage to the human body or even death in acute cases. The present study used taurine and grape seed extract as a natural cardioprotective medicine against aluminum phosphide poisoning by decreasing oxidative stress.

Association of maternal lead exposure with the risk of preterm: a meta-analysis.

Background: The relationship between maternal lead level and risk of preterm birth (PTB) remained controversial. Therefore, herein we performed this meta-analysis to investigate the association of maternal blood, urine and cord blood lead level with the risk of PTB using observational studies.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Ovid Medline databases from inception to August 2019, and sixteen studies with 65600 participants investigating the association between maternal lead level and PTB were included in our meta-analysis.

Involvement of nNOS, and α1, α2, β1, and β2 Subunits of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Genes Expression in Anticonvulsant Effect of Sumatriptan on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure in Mice.

Epileptic seizure is phenomenon of abnormal synchronous neuronal discharge of a set of neurons in brain as a result of neuronal excitation. Evidence shows the nitric oxide (NO) involvement in neuronal excitability. Moreover, the role of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) activation in seizure pathogenesis is well-established.

Glatiramer acetate attenuates depressive/anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive deficits induced by post-weaning social isolation in male mice.

Rationale: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating disorder with adverse effects on mood, memory, and quality of life.

Objectives: In this study, the antidepressant potential of glatiramer acetate (GA), a drug used in the management of multiple sclerosis, was investigated in acute and chronic models of depression in male mice. The acute antidepressant screening was performed with the forced swim (FST) and tail suspension (TST) tests.

Study of the cardioprotective effects of crocin on Human Cardiac Myocyte cells and reduction of oxidative stress produced by aluminum phosphide poisoning.

Objectives: The effects of Crocin as a cardioprotective material against Aluminum phosphide poisoning by reducing the oxidative stress is investigated.

Methods: The level of biomarkers of oxidative stress (Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Malondialdehyde and Protein carbonyl) were measured in the cell culture model on Human Cardiac Myocyte cells to detect the protective effect of crocin. Initially, to define the pure impact of aluminum phosphide poison and crocin on the heart cells, their effects on the biomarkers quantity in cell line were measured, separately, using the standard related kits.

Foretinib induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and invasion in human glioblastoma cells through c-MET inhibition.

Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive human cancers. The c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) which is frequently deregulated in GBM is considered as a promising target for GBM treatment. The c-MET plays a key role in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis.