Testicular piRNA Analysis Identified Dysregulated piRNAs in Non-obstructive Azoospermia.

Male infertility has remained idiopathic in a remarkable proportion of all cases. Gonadal expression of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) has been shown to be vital to normal spermatogenesis, as they are expressed in almost all types of testicular germ cells. These molecules and their related Piwi proteins strictly regulate transposable elements' activity and gene expression.

Low cycle fatigue lifetime prediction of superplastic shape memory alloy structures: Application to endodontic instruments.

In this paper we propose a methodology for a fast numerical determination of low cycle fatigue lifetime of superelastic shape memory alloy structures. This method is based on the observation that generally, in low cycle fatigue, shape memory alloy (SMA) structures are subject to loadings that lead to a confined non-linear behaviour at stress concentration points, such as notches. Numerical fatigue lifetime prediction requires the computation of the mechanical state at critical points.

Protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine on the mitochondrial dynamic imbalance in temporal lobe epilepsy: Possible role of mTOR.

Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in epilepsy is critical for the development of more effective therapies. It is believed that mTOR (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin kinases) activity and the mitochondrial dynamic balance change during epilepsy. mTOR affects mitochondrial fission by stimulating the translation of mitochondrial fission process 1 (MTFP1).

GSK-3β as a target for apigenin-induced neuroprotection against Aβ 25-35 in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a critical molecule in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that modulates two histopathological hallmarks of AD: Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of aberrant hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein. This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of flavone apigenin through inhibition of GSK-3 and the involvement of this kinase in the inhibition of BACE1 expression and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in an AD rat model. 15 nM of aggregated amyloid-beta 25-35 was microinjected into the left lateral ventricle of an AD rat.

Designing Two Synthetic Constructs for Real Time PCR Detection of and Virus.

Background: Generally, timely diagnosis of micro-organisms is very important to prevent many diseases. Many methods can detect micro-organisms like culture-based methods and molecular methods. The molecular methods are usually preferred because they provide fast and reliable results.

Valproic acid administration exerts protective effects against stress-related anhedonia in rats.

Anhedonia or inability to experience pleasure is the sign of various neuropsychiatric conditions. Current treatment options do not provide adequate control of anhedonia. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of valproic acid (VPA) as a nonspecific histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor to reverse the effects of stress on induction of anhedonia and explore possible mechanisms.

Acidic pH derived from cancer cells as a double-edged knife modulates wound healing through DNA repair genes and autophagy.

Wound healing is a sequester program that involves diverse cell signalling cascades. Notwithstanding, complete signal transduction pathways underpinning acidic milieu derived from cancer cells is not clear, yet. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining, and cell cycle flow cytometry revealed that acidic media decreased cell viability and cell number along with enhanced dead cells and S-phase arrest in normal fibroblasts.

Autophagic, apoptotic, and necrotic cancer cell fates triggered by acidic pH microenvironment.

Cancer as a multifactorial and smart disease is now considered a challenging problem. Despite many investigations on drug discovery, it remains incurable, in part, due to insufficient understanding of its special mechanisms. For the first time, we collaterally investigated the effect of acidosis on the contribution of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in MDA-MB 231 cells.