An adaptive enhanced human memory algorithm for multi-level image segmentation for pathological lung cancer images.

Lung cancer is a critical health issue that demands swift and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. In medical imaging, segmentation is crucial for identifying and isolating regions of interest, which is essential for precise diagnosis and treatment planning. Traditional metaheuristic-based segmentation methods often struggle with slow convergence speed, poor optimized thresholds results, balancing exploration and exploitation, leading to suboptimal performance in the multi-thresholding segmenting of lung cancer images.

Chaotic RIME optimization algorithm with adaptive mutualism for feature selection problems.

The RIME optimization algorithm is a newly developed physics-based optimization algorithm used for solving optimization problems. The RIME algorithm proved high-performing in various fields and domains, providing a high-performance solution. Nevertheless, like many swarm-based optimization algorithms, RIME suffers from many limitations, including the exploration-exploitation balance not being well balanced.

Tocilizumab for the Treatment of COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Storm and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Series From a Rural Level 1 Trauma Center in Western Pennsylvania.

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, initially in December 2019 at Wuhan, China, subsequently spread around the world. We describe a case series of COVID-19 patients treated at our academic medical center with focus on cytokine storm and potential therapeutic role of tocilizumab. A 59-year-old female admitted for shortness of breath (SOB), productive cough, fever, and nausea in the setting of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Seasonal variation in indoor concentrations of air pollutants in residential buildings.

Indoor concentrations of PM, PM, CO, and CO were measured in 25 naturally ventilated urban residences during the winter and summer seasons in Alexandria, Egypt. Ambient air samples were also collected simultaneously for comparison to indoor measurements. Furthermore, data for air exchange rates, home characteristics, and indoor activities during sampling were collected.

Outdoor and indoor factors influencing particulate matter and carbon dioxide levels in naturally ventilated urban homes.

The present study investigated indoor and outdoor concentrations of two particulate matter size fractions (PM and PM) and CO in 20 urban homes ventilated naturally and located in one congested residential and commercial area in the city of Alexandria, Egypt. The results indicate that the daily mean PM concentrations measured in the ambient air, living rooms, and kitchens of all sampling sites exceeded the WHO guideline by 100%, 65%, and 95%, respectively. The daily mean outdoor and indoor PM levels in all sampling sites were found to exceed the WHO guideline by 100% and 80%, respectively.

Effects of microstructure and alloy composition on hydroxyapatite precipitation on alkaline treated α/β titanium alloys.

The current work aims at exploring the effects of the microstructure and alloy composition on enhancing the bone osseointegration in Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) and Ti-6Al-7Nb (Ti67) alloys. This was revealed by investigating the alloy susceptibility to grow hydroxyapatite (HA) on their surfaces after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). The specimens were produced by two methods: forging and casting in order to study the influence of the microstructure on the precipitation process.

Endocrine and Targeted Therapy for Hormone-Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights to Sequencing Treatment and Overcoming Resistance Based on Clinical Trials.

Advanced hormone-receptor positive HER2 negative breast cancer is a common and a very heterogeneous disease. Hormone therapy is the main first line treatment of choice, given alone or in combination with other agents that have shown to improve patient outcomes, Nevertheless, treatment remains generally palliative rather than curative. Sequencing of such treatment remains challenging, especially with resurgence of variable resistance patterns.

Investigation of PM2.5 and carbon dioxide levels in urban homes.

PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) samples were collected in the indoor environments of 15 urban homes and their adjacent outdoor environments in Alexandria, Egypt, during the spring time.

Indoor particulate matter in urban residences of Alexandria, Egypt.

Unlabelled: Indoor particulate matter samples were collected in 17 homes in an urban area in Alexandria during the summer season. During air measurement in all selected homes, parallel outdoor air samples were taken in the balconies of the domestic residences. It was found that the mean indoor PM2.

Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis: a prospective, randomized study.

Background: Gallstones are more common in patients with liver cirrhosis than in healthy individuals. Higher morbidity and mortality were reported in cirrhotic patients with either laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy in cirrhotic patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis in a prospective, randomized manner.

Aerosol sampling methods in workplace and ambient environments.

Aerosols are emitted into the workplace atmosphere and the ambient environment through a variety of processes. Aerosol particles are known to have significant effects on both human health and the ambient environment. For this reason, monitoring aerosol concentrations in the atmosphere by aerosol sampling is undertaken in workplace and ambient environments.