Concave Side Apical Control in Early Onset Scoliosis Managed with Growing Rods.

Objective: To evaluate curve correctability, complications, and rate of growth following treatment.

Background: Distraction-founded techniques such as traditionally growing rods or magnetically controlled growing rods are the almost globally accepted management patterns for early onset scoliosis. However, periodic lengthening operations are still needed.

Seasonal distribution of fleas infesting rodents in various Egyptian eco-geographical areas and their susceptibility to malathion.

The rodent population and their ectoparasites especially fleas, in various Egyptian eco-geographical areas were studied It was noticed that flea infestation varied according to rodent species and to the bioclimatic conditions. High flea indices were recorded in certain seasons of the year. The flea index was above one during spring in the southern of Nile Delta and semi-arid coastal areas, in summer in northern coastal areas and in autumn in southern of Nile Delta.