The association between PD-1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint and has been reported to be associated with several autoimmune diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between human PD-1 gene () polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis (MS). This case-control study was conducted on 229 MS patients and 246 healthy controls.

Association of serum kynurenine/tryptophan ratio with poor glycemic control in patients with type2 diabetes.

Purpose: The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been shown in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The present study aimed to measure serum IDO activity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to determine its association with glycemic control, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance.

Methods: Seventy-four patients with T2DM and 74 healthy subjects were selected to participate in this study.

The Protective Effects of Coenzyme Q10 and Lisinopril Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats: A Stereological and Electrocardiogram Study.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is used as an anticancer drug despite its several side effects, especially its irreversible impacts on cardiotoxicity. Coenzyme Q10 (Q10) as a powerful antioxidant and lisinopril (LIS) as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor seem to provide protection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the cardioprotective effects of Q10 and LIS against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

Sodium valproate ameliorates aluminum-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of PC12 cells.

Objectives: According to recent studies, valproate shows some protection against oxidative stress (OS) induced by neurotoxins. Current investigation tried to determine the possible ameliorating effects of sodium valproate (SV) against aluminum (Al)-induced cell death, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and OS in PC12 cells.

Materials And Methods: In this in vitro study, PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of aluminum maltolate (Almal) with and without SV (50-400 µM).

Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and risk of gestational diabetes.

Purpose: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the regulating enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. A link between the activity of G6PD and diabetes mellitus has previously been reported. The association of G6PD activity with the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has not yet been investigated.

Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and in silico molecular docking studies of novel β-lactam-anthraquinone hybrids.

Schiff bases from 2-aminoanthraquinone have been prepared by reaction with aldehydes and used to prepare novel β-lactam-anthraquinone hybrids via [2+2] ketene-imine cycloaddition (Staudinger reaction) reaction. In vitro antibacterial studies of all synthesized compound were carried out against three gram-positive strains Staphylococcus aureus (Methicillin-resistant strain), Enterococcus faecium (Vancomycin-resistant strain) and Bacillus subtilis, and two gram-negative strains Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These compounds were further evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Serum ischemia modified albumin is a possible new marker of oxidative stress in phenylketonuria.

The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of phenylketonuria (PKU)-associated disorders has been implicated. Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is a modified form of serum albumin, which is produced under the conditions of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to measure the serum level of IMA in the PKU patients and to investigate its ability in predicting the status of oxidative stress in these patients.

Evaluation of Antioxidant Potentials and -Amylase Inhibition of Different Fractions of Labiatae Plants Extracts: As a Model of Antidiabetic Compounds Properties.

In an attempt to identify herbal drugs which may become useful in the prevention of diabetes, antioxidant potentials and -amylase inhibition by the ethanol extracts of two plants belonging to Lamiaceae family, and , and their different fractions were studied. Also, inhibition of -amylase by and its fractions was evaluated. All of the samples exhibited antioxidant activities, among which ethyl acetate fraction of (17.

Functional Promoter Polymorphisms of MMP-2 C-735T and MMP-9 C-1562T and Their Synergism with MMP-7 A-181G in Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in breakdown of blood-brain barrier, transmigration, and invasion of immune cells and formation of MS lesions. The aim of present study was to investigate the influence of MMP-2 C-735T and MMP-9 C-1562T variants and their synergism with MMP-7 A-181G on susceptibility to MS.

The status of antioxidants, malondialdehyde and some trace elements in serum of patients with breast cancer.

Background: There are studies that indicated dyshomeostasis of oxidant/antioxidant and trace elements in breast cancer patients, but the data regarding the status of these parameters in various stages of breast cancer are limited. The aim of this study was to highlight the status of these biochemical factors in various stages of breast cancer.

Methods: Fifty-eight breast cancers patients participated in this study and underwent staging work up for the assessment of disease stage.

AT1R A1166C variants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy.

Background: There are inconsistent reports related to the role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its renal complications.

Objectives: To identify the association between AT1R A1166C variants with the risk of T2DM and also with diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Patients And Methods: In a case-control study, the AT1R A1166C polymorphism was detected in 135 T2DM patients with and without DN and in 98 healthy subjects from Western Iran.

Altered expression of alpha 2 beta 1 integrin in kidney fibroblasts: a potential mechanism for CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.

Background: Nephrotoxicity is considered a significant cause of patient morbidity following chronic Cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment.  The exact mechanism of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity remains to be fully clarified.  Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is widely regarded as a major pathway of CsA toxicity; therefore, the role of integrins as regulators of collagen in the extra-cellular matrix can be deemed pivotal.

eNOS 4a/b polymorphism and its interaction with eNOS G894T variants in type 2 diabetes mellitus: modifying the risk of diabetic nephropathy.

To investigate the possible association between eNOS 4a/b polymorphism and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) 173 T2DM patients with and without DN and 101 healthy subjects with ethnic background of Kurds were examined for the frequency of eNOS variants using PCR-RFLP method. The frequency of eNOS 4a/b genotypes between T2DM and controls was not significantly difference. Studying eNOS 4a/b variants alone indicated that the presence of eNOS 4a allele was not associated with the risk of developing DN.

Role of music in morphine rewarding effects in mice using conditioned place preference method.

Objectives: This research aims at studying the neuroendocrine effects of music on creating morphine dependence in mice using conditioned place preference (CPP).

Methods: The mice treated with 10 mg/kg morphine subcutaneously, fast music and slow music. Morphine was used to create dependence.

Association of CD1A +622 T/C, +737 G/C and CD1E +6129 A/G genes polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis.

Antibodies and specific T cells to glycolipids have been found in MS patients. CD1 molecules are involved in presentation of lipid antigens to T-cells. Therefore, functional polymorphisms in two CD1 genes (+622 T/C and +737 G/C in CD1A along with +6129 A/G in CD1E) might be associated with susceptibility to MS.

Pre- and post-treatment of streptozocin administered rats with melatonin: effects on some hepatic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism.

Background: Melatonin, found in high concentrations in the pineal gland, organs within the digestive system and in some plants and fungi, acts as an antioxidant which decreases reactive oxygen species in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats, raises insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta-cells and increases the number of insulin receptors on hepatocyte membranes.

Methods: The protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin feeding in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats were studied. Streptozocin administered rats were gavaged with melatonin, pre- and post-treatment, at a level of 5 mg/kg body weight daily for a period of 15 days.

Protective effects of a combination of quercetin and vitamin E against cyclosporine A-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats.

Aim: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is the most widely used immunosuppressive drug in transplant surgery. It is able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances [TBARS]), which will directly result in CsA hepatotoxicity.

Methods: In this study, the potential of quercetin (Q) and vitamin E (E), in attenuating CsA-induced liver dysfunction in rats was investigated.

Comparison of the effects of vitamin E and/or quercetin in attenuating chronic cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats.

1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E and/or quercetin (Q) on renal function, oxygen radical concentrations in the kidney and some anti-oxidant enzyme activities in rats treated with cyclosporine A (CsA). 2.

IL-8 (-251 A/T) and CXCR2 (+1208 C/T) gene polymorphisms and risk of multiple sclerosis in Iranian patients.

IL-8 plays important roles in CNS development, modulation of neuronal survival and excitability. Among IL-8 receptors, only CXCR2 is known to be present in the brain. The ability of individuals in producing IL-8 is partially determined by IL-8 -251 A/T polymorphism.

Prohibitin attenuates insulin-stimulated glucose and fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue by inhibition of pyruvate carboxylase.

Prohibitin (PHB-1) is a highly conserved protein involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. It is secreted in lipid droplets from adipocytes and is present in the circulation. In adipose tissue it functions as a membrane receptor and can target binding partners to the mitochondria.

Antidiabetic effects of quercetin in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

Effects of the intraperitoneal injection of quercetin in streptozocin-induced diabetic and normal rats were investigated and compared. Although quercetin had no effect on plasma glucose level of normal animals, it significantly and dose-dependently decreased the plasma glucose level of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Glucose tolerance tests of the diabetic animals approached those of normal rats, their plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced significantly, while their hepatic glucokinase activity was significantly increased upon quercetin treatment.