The Value of Inferior Vena Cava Ultrasonography Administration for Hypovolemia Detection in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit.

Background: The hypo-perfusion of the kidneys can lead to impairment in renal function and induce renal injury in case of delayed diagnosis and treatment. To date, laboratory markers are routinely used to determine the fluid volume status of the patients. The current study aims to evaluate the values of inferior vena cava (IVC) collapsibility index in hypovolemia diagnosis among critical patients admitted at the intensive care unit (ICU).

Comparative Assessment of the Effects of Two Methods of Pressure Support Adjustment on Respiratory Distress in Patients under Mechanical Ventilation Admitted to Intensive Care Units.

Background: Incorrect adjustment of the respiratory parameters of the mechanical ventilator increases respiratory distress and work of breathing (WOB) in mechanically ventilated patients. The accurate adjustment of pressure support increases thepatient's comfort and decreases respiratory distress and WOB, etc.; thus, the present study was conducted to compare the effects of two pressure support adjustment methods on respiratory distress in patients under mechanical ventilation to investigate whether the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI)method can reduce patients' respiratory distress more and faster than the tidal volume (VT) and respiratory rate (RR) methods.

Electrical stimulation of acupuncture points for analgesia during bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy (BMA/BMB) is a painful procedure mostly used in diagnosing and staging of a broad spectrum of hematological diseases. In spite of local anesthesia, the prevalence and intensity of the pain and patient discomfort caused by this procedure are considerable. The effect of acupuncture and electrical stimulation of acupoints (acupuncture points) in the treatment of many medical conditions, including pain, have been approved.

Comparative evaluation of the effects of hydroxyethyl starch on coagulation state of patients during brain tumor surgeries in comparison to crystalloids by thromboelastography.

Background: Hypercoagulability has been reported in primary brain tumors which can lead to thrombotic complications. Hydroxyethyl starch (hetastarch) is a synthetic colloid solution with adverse effects on blood coagulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of hetastarch in reducing thromboembolic events in these patients.

Effect of preoperative volume loading on the intraoperative variability of blood pressure and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Introduction: Preoperative volume loading (PVL) in addition to counteract the decreases in blood pressure during intraoperative period, also may decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study was designed to investigate the effect of preoperative volume loading on the intraoperative blood pressure variability and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Methods: Thirty subjects scheduled for elective orthopedic procedures randomly divided into case and control groups.

Comparative evaluation of Glasgow Coma Score and gag reflex in predicting aspiration pneumonitis in acute poisoning.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the incidence of aspiration pneumonitis (AP) and its association with gag reflex and Glasgow Coma Score (GCS).

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective analysis study after prospective data collection, 155 poisoned patients with GCS less than or equal to 12 were evaluated. An assessment of GCS and the quality of gag reflex was made on arrival and recorded.

Effect of oral ketamine on the postoperative pain and analgesic requirement following orthopedic surgery.

Background: Ketamine is a potent analgesic agent in addition to its anesthetic properties. Oral ketamine has been used to treat postoperative stump pain following lower limb amputation. In this study, oral ketamine was used to reduce the severity of postoperative pain following orthopedic surgery.

Prophylactic versus therapeutic administration of intravenous lidocaine for suppression of post-extubation cough following cataract surgery: a randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial.

Background: Post-extubation cough causes considerable patient discomfort and in certain surgical procedures may lead to postoperative surgical complication. Different drugs and techniques have been used for the prevention of post-extubation cough with variable success rates. Prophylactic administration of lidocaine has been tried for the prevention of post-extubation cough with controversial results.

Evaluation of relationship between arterial and venous blood gas values in the patients with tricyclic antidepressant poisoning.

Introduction: Determination of arterial blood gas (ABG) values is essential in the evaluation of patients with TCA poisoning. The relationship between arterial and venous blood gas pH has not been established in TCA poisoning. In TCA poisoning, blood vessels vasodilatation due to antidepressant-induced alpha-blockade and also metabolic acidosis may lead to arterialization of venous blood, which in turn enhances the relationship between ABG and VBG parameters.

Clinical trial of nitroglycerin-induced controlled hypotension with or without acupoint electrical stimulation in microscopic middle ear surgery under general anesthesia with halothane.

Background: Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to produce long-lasting fall of arterial blood pressure in animal or human models. Previous reports have shown that ES of acupuncture points (acupoints) enhances the hypotensive effect of isoflurane anesthesia. This study was designed to investigate the combined effect of acupoint ES and different infusion rates of nitroglycerin on controlled hypotension.

Random allocation software for parallel group randomized trials.

Background: Typically, randomization software should allow users to exert control over the different aspects of randomization including block design, provision of unique identifiers and control over the format and type of program output. While some of these characteristics have been addressed by available software, none of them have all of these capabilities integrated into one package. The main objective of the Random Allocation Software project was to enhance the user's control over different aspects of randomization in parallel group trials, including output type and format, structure and ordering of generated unique identifiers and enabling users to specify group names for more than two groups.

Paradoxical reaction following intravenous midazolam premedication in pediatric patients - a randomized placebo controlled trial of ketamine for rapid tranquilization.

Background: Paradoxical reactions to benzodiazepines include restlessness, violent behavior, physical assault, act of self-injury and need for restraints. These may occur at variable times after administration. This study was designed to determine the incidence of paradoxical reactions following intravenous midazolam premedication in pediatric patients and to compare the efficacy of extra doses of midazolam with low-dose intravenous ketamine to rapidly tranquillize them.

Effect of intravenous midazolam premedication on postoperative nausea and vomiting after cholecystectomy.

Background: Several drugs and techniques have been used to reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However PONV continues to be a common postoperative complication. Midazolam premedication in pediatric patients has been reported to reduce the incidence of PONV.

Effect of controlled hyperventilation on the pressor response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

Pressor response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation includes rises in blood pressure and heart rate. This response may be harmful in the presence of cerebral or myocardial diseases. Although different preventive measures have been developed the choice of the agent or method has not been defined clearly.

The effect of acupuncture on the acute withdrawal symptoms from rapid opiate detoxification.

Background: Rapid Opiate Detoxification (ROD) is among the best treatments for substance abuse. Unfortunately this method is associated with severe withdrawal reaction. The effect of body acupuncture has not been clearly identified during ROD.

Evaluating the relationship between arterial blood pressure changes and indices of pulse oximetric plethysmography.

Unlabelled: The finger plethysmographic waveform of pulse oximeters is a qualitative indicator of fingertip perfusion. This waveform has been used to assess the depth of anesthesia. Its cyclical changes associated with mechanical ventilation have also been used to detect changes in blood volume under normotensive conditions and has revealed that minimal normotensive hypovolemia can cause a significant increase in the delta-down component of this waveform.

Blood pressure measurement by pulse oxymetric method and comparison with conventional technique.

Background: Measurement of systolic arterial blood pressure using a pulse oxymeter involves the evaluation of plethysmographic waveform during inflation and/or deflation of a blood pressure cuff. The purpose of this study was to determine that during slow inflation and deflation of cuff, which one of the pulse oxymetry-based readings of blood pressure is in best agreement with the value obtained by conventional method.

Methods: Blood pressure was measured in a sample of 50 healthy adult volunteers with conventional and pulse oxymetric methods.