The effectiveness of using reinforcements in the classroom on the academic achievement of students with intellectual disabilities.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two kinds of reinforcements, tangible reinforcements and social reinforcements, on the academic achievement of eighth-grade female students with intellectual disabilities in the science subject. The study was an experimental method by pretest, with a control group. The participants of the study comprised 45 female students with intellectual disabilities from three different middle schools in the province of Tehran.

The effect of social and token economy reinforcements on academic achievement of students with intellectual disabilities.

Objective: This study investigates the effect of social and token economy reinforcements on academic achievement of 9th grade boy students with intellectual disabilities in an experimental science class in Tehran Province.

Method: The method used for this study was experimental by pre-test, post- test with a control group. The boy students with intellectual disabilities from three junior high schools participated in this study.

Sexual function: a comparison between male renal transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: For all the studies into the sexual health of kidney transplant recipients, there is a paucity of controlled studies regarding the difference in the sexual relationship of kidney transplant recipients and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients under hemodialysis.

Aim: We compared the sexual function of kidney transplant recipients and ESRD patients under hemodialysis in male patients.

Main Outcome Measures: The patients' sexual function was assessed using the Relationship and Sexuality Scale.