A Localization-Free Interference and Energy Holes Minimization Routing for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks.

Interference and energy holes formation in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) threaten the reliable delivery of data packets from a source to a destination. Interference also causes inefficient utilization of the limited battery power of the sensor nodes in that more power is consumed in the retransmission of the lost packets. Energy holes are dead nodes close to the surface of water, and their early death interrupts data delivery even when the network has live nodes.

Curbing the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan: the impact of scaling up treatment and prevention for achieving elimination.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a global health strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis. We project the treatment and prevention requirements to achieve the WHO HCV elimination target of reducing HCV incidence by 80% and HCV-related mortality by 65% by 2030 in Pakistan, which has the second largest HCV burden worldwide.

Methods: We developed an HCV transmission model for Pakistan, and calibrated it to epidemiological data from a national survey (2007), surveys among people who inject drugs (PWID), and blood donor data.

Corrigendum to "Metastatic hepatoid carcinoma of ovarian origin - A case report from Northern Pakistan" [Gynecol. Oncol. Rep. 21 (2017) 24-27].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.

Provision of menstrual regulation with medication among pharmacies in three municipal districts of Bangladesh: a situation analysis.

Objective: The objective was to assess the provision of the combination of mifepristone-misoprostol for menstrual regulation (MR) in randomly selected urban pharmacies in Bangladesh.

Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 553 pharmacy workers followed by 548 mystery client visits to the same pharmacies in 3 municipal districts during July 2014-December 2015.

Results: The survey found that 99% of pharmacy workers visited had knowledge of MR procedures but only two-thirds (67%) could state the legal time limit correctly; they mentioned misoprostol (86%) over mifepristone-misoprostol combination (78%) as a procedure of MR with medication (MRM); 36% reported knowing the recommended dosage of mifepristone-misoprostol combination; 70% reported providing information on effectiveness of the medicines; 50% reported recommending at least one follow-up visit to them; 63% reported explaining possible complications of using the medications; and 47% reported offering any post-MR contraception to their clients.

Importance and Contribution of Community, Social, and Healthcare Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Infection in Pakistan.

Pakistan has a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, estimated at 4.9% (2,290/46,843) in the 2007 national HCV seroprevalence survey. We used data from this survey to assess the importance of risk factor associations with HCV prevalence in Pakistan.

Human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in Punjab, Pakistan.

Background: Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh most common cancer overall, accounting for an estimated 300 000 annual deaths. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the second most common cause of cervical cancer worldwide. HPV screening is not a common practice in Pakistan.

Antioxidant, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of pumpkin (cucurbit) peel and puree extracts - an in vitro study.

Natural resources right from the beginning of the human civilization has paved the way to human being to combat different challenges. The big challenge was to safe the human being from diseases and shortage of food. Plants helped the man in both areas very efficiently.

A Bayesian approach for estimating protein-protein interactions by integrating structural and non-structural biological data.

Accurate elucidation of genome wide protein-protein interactions is crucial for understanding the regulatory processes of the cell. High-throughput techniques, such as the yeast-2-hybrid (Y2H) assay, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), mass spectrometric (MS) protein complex identification, affinity purification (AP) etc., are generally relied upon to determine protein interactions.

Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma of Parotid Gland in a Teenage Boy.

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a rare salivary gland malignancy that exhibits resemblance with secretory carcinoma of the breast (SC) due to the presence of ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion, formerly classified as acinic cell carcinoma. It is a slowly growing painless tumor that exhibits wide range of clinical behavior. This tumor typically affects middle aged people.

Percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent versus coronary artery bypass grafting: A meta-analysis of patients with left main coronary artery disease.

Background: The relative efficacy and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES), in comparison to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) remains controversial.

Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of randomised studies comparing patients with LMCAD treated with PCI with DES versus those treated with CABG, with respect to clinical outcomes at 1, 3 and 5years. A secondary meta-analysis was performed according to low (<32), or high (≥33) SYNTAX score.

A case report on gastric volvulus of a 17 years old boy from Bangladesh.

Introduction: Gastric volvulus is a rare and true surgical emergency which is life threatening if not recognized and treated quickly. There have been approximately 300 reported cases globally till now. This condition most often occurs during 5th decade of life but there are over 100 reported pediatric cases also.

Application of the Subtractive Genomics and Molecular Docking Analysis for the Identification of Novel Putative Drug Targets against subsp. Poona.

The emergence of novel pathogenic strains with increased antibacterial resistance patterns poses a significant threat to the management of infectious diseases. In this study, we aimed at utilizing the subtractive genomic approach to identify novel drug targets against subsp. Poona strain ATCC BAA-1673.

Differences in outcomes between the JoyBar control and standard wheelchair joystick control on two maneuverability tasks: a pilot study.

Purpose: To determine if older adult, novice wheelchair users who drive a power wheelchair with a JoyBar control complete maneuverability tasks in less time and with less error than those who drive a power wheelchair with a standard joystick control.

Materials And Methods: A parallel randomized controlled trial design conducted at a medical rehabilitation and research centre with ambulatory older adults aged 60 and above (n = 27). The intervention was the JoyBar alternative wheelchair control.

Near Peer Group training on 'How to be a Foundation doctor' Course.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction After graduating from medical school, all UK based doctors enter the Foundation Programme.

Overview of the infant and young child feeding policy environment in Pakistan: Federal, Sindh and Punjab context.

Background: Appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices have been identified as important for appropriate child growth and development. (Ministry of Planning and Development, Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination (2012)) Children in Pakistan still experience high rates of malnutrition, indicating a likely need for stronger IYCF policy. The purpose of this study was to identify major stakeholders who shape the IYCF policy environment and analyze which policies protect, promote and support IYCF practices, either directly or indirectly.

Analysis of stakeholders networks of infant and young child nutrition programmes in Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan.

Background: Effective public policies are needed to support appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) to ensure adequate child growth and development, especially in low and middle income countries. The aim of this study was to: (i) capture stakeholder networks in relation to funding and technical support for IYCF policy across five countries in South Asia (i.e.

Metastatic hepatoid carcinoma of ovarian origin - a case report from northern Pakistan.

•Hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary is rapidly progressing rare epithelial ovarian tumor.•The term 'hepatoid' refers to the morphological resemblance with hepatocellular carcinoma.•Final diagnosis is made via positive staining for alpha fetoprotein along with immunohistochemistry•Combination chemotherapy can be considered superior over the targeted agents while treating this tumor.

Incidental finding - the discovery of a bronchopulmonary foregut malformation through investigations for Crohn's disease.

Pulmonary sequestration (PMS) is a rare bronchopulmonary malformation. It has an incidence of between 0.15% to 1.

Mapping autosomal recessive intellectual disability: combined microarray and exome sequencing identifies 26 novel candidate genes in 192 consanguineous families.

Approximately 1% of the global population is affected by intellectual disability (ID), and the majority receive no molecular diagnosis. Previous studies have indicated high levels of genetic heterogeneity, with estimates of more than 2500 autosomal ID genes, the majority of which are autosomal recessive (AR). Here, we combined microarray genotyping, homozygosity-by-descent (HBD) mapping, copy number variation (CNV) analysis, and whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify disease genes/mutations in 192 multiplex Pakistani and Iranian consanguineous families with non-syndromic ID.

Phase variable DNA repeats in influence transcription, translation, and protein sequence variation.

There are many types of repeated DNA sequences in the genomes of the species of the genus , from homopolymeric tracts to tandem repeats of hundreds of bases. Some of these have roles in the phase-variable expression of genes. When a repeat mediates phase variation, reversible switching between tract lengths occurs, which in the species of the genus most often causes the gene to switch between on and off states through frame shifting of the open reading frame.

Teeth under High Occlusal Force may Reflect Occlusal Trauma-associated Periodontal Conditions in Subjects with Untreated Chronic Periodontitis.

Objective: To determine the association of high occlusal force (HOF) with the signs of occlusal trauma and periodontal conditions in periodontitis patients, and elaborate the relevant clinical implications.

Methods: Periodontal parameters and signs of occlusal trauma were recorded for 807 teeth in 30 subjects with untreated chronic periodontitis. The T-scan II occlusal analysis system determined the HOF during maximum intercuspation, lateral excursion and protrusive excursion.

A mechanistic evaluation of the traditional uses of Nepeta ruderalis in gastrointestinal and airway disorders.

Context: Nepeta ruderalis Buch.-Ham. (Lamiaceae), locally known as Badranj Boya, is an aromatic herb used traditionally as an antispasmodic, antidiarrhoeal, and anti-asthamatic remedy.

Robotic partial nephrectomy for duplex kidney with ectopic ureter draining in the vagina in an adult patient with urinary incontinence.

A duplex kidney system with an ectopic ureter draining into the vagina is a congenital malformation that typically presents as refractory urinary incontinence. Diagnosis is often difficult to establish and delayed due to a low incidence. We present the case of a patient aged 26 years with a life-long history of persistent urinary incontinence.

Population segmentation: an approach to reducing childhood obesity inequalities.

Aims: The aims of this study are threefold: (1) to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status (inequality) and childhood obesity prevalence within Birmingham local authority, (2) to identify any change in childhood obesity prevalence between deprivation quintiles and (3) to analyse individualised Birmingham National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) data using a population segmentation tool to better inform obesity prevention strategies.

Methods: Data from the NCMP for Birmingham (2010/2011 and 2014/2015) were analysed using the deprivation scores from the Income Domain Affecting Children Index (IDACI 2010). The percentage of children with excess weight was calculated for each local deprivation quintile.

Association between frontal sinus morphology and cervical vertebral maturation for the assessment of skeletal maturity.

Introduction: Various methods have been proposed to evaluate a patient's developmental status. However, most of them lacked precision and failed to give a reliable estimate of skeletal maturity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between frontal sinus morphology and cervical vertebral maturation for the assessment of skeletal maturity and to determine its validity in assessing the different stages of the adolescent growth spurt.