Blood-based microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers to discriminate localized prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia and allow cancer-risk stratification.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed malignancy, and the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality among males. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has long been used for the detection of PCa. However, PSA levels increase in PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and are associated with a poor disease outcome.