Publications by authors named "Mahmmod Y"

Vaccination stands as one of the most sustainable and promising strategies to control infectious diseases in animal production. Nevertheless, the causes for antibody response variation among individuals are poorly understood. The animal microbiota has been shown to be involved in the correct development and function of the host immunity, including the antibody response.

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The emergence of pandrug-resistant (PDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA) isolates from bovine milk samples along with biofilm formation ability and harboring various virulence genes complicates the treatment of bovine mastitis and highlights the serious threat to public health. This study investigated for the first time the frequency, antimicrobial resistance profiles, biofilm-forming ability, virulence factors, spa and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types of MRSA and VRSA isolated from clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis in Egypt. A total of 808 milk samples were collected from each quarter of 202 dairy animals, including 31 buffaloes and 171 cattle.

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Article Synopsis
  • The masked palm civet is a known carrier of pathogens affecting humans, specifically focusing on its chronic infection with ME49, which has not been previously studied in detail.
  • Researchers identified 268 differentially expressed proteins in the brain tissue of these civets, revealing notable changes in their expression levels and associated pathways linked to cancer and immune response.
  • Out of 24 genes that showed changes in both mRNA and protein levels, four proteins (REEP3, REEP4, TEP1, EEPD1) were highlighted for their potential role in cancer pathways, with certain proteins correlating to better prognosis in various cancer types.
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is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the upper airways of swine, capable of causing a systemic infection called Glässer's disease. This disease is more frequent in young post-weaning piglets. Current treatments against infection are based on the use of antimicrobials or inactivated vaccines, which promote limited cross-protection against different serovars.

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Many pathogens that cause chronic diseases in birds use the respiratory tract as a primary route of infection, and respiratory disorders are the main leading source of financial losses in the poultry business. Respiratory infections are a serious problem facing the poultry sector, causing severe economic losses. Avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and avian pneumovirus are particularly serious viral respiratory pathogens.

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The yellow polyphenolic pigment known as curcumin, originating from the rhizome of the turmeric plant L., has been utilized for ages in ancient medicine, as well as in cooking and food coloring. Recently, the biological activities of turmeric and curcumin have been thoroughly investigated.

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Since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, pharmaceutical companies and researchers worldwide have worked hard to develop vaccines and drugs to end the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The potential pathogen responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2, belongs to a novel lineage of beta coronaviruses in the subgenus arbovirus. Antiviral drugs, convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines are effective treatments for SARS-CoV-2 and are beneficial in preventing infection.

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Introduction: is a widespread protozoan with significant economic losses and public health importance. But so far, the protective effect of reported DNA-based vaccines fluctuates widely, and no study has demonstrated complete protection.

Areas Covered: This review provides an inclusive summary of DNA vaccine antigens, adjuvants, and some other parameters.

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Knowledge of the prevalence and epidemiological determinants of tropical theileriosis in large ruminants, particularly in the asymptomatic carrier, is crucial for designing and implementing effective host-specific control measures. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of tropical theileriosis in asymptomatic cattle and water buffaloes and identify the potential risk factors of theileriosis in large ruminants raised under smallholder-production system in Egypt. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts of the Sharkia governorate from March 2019 to February 2020.

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Purpose: The beliefs and attitudes of healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards service user's rights in mental healthcare are critical to understanding as it impacts the quality of care and treatment, leading to social discrimination and possible coercive professional practices. This study aimed to investigate the association between the HCPs' beliefs and attitudes towards service users' rights in seeking treatment in the UAE and to identify or may predict the stigmatized attitudes and behaviors among HCPs.

Patients And Methods: Data was collected from HCPs participants working at three healthcare entities (n=307) allocated at selected primary and tertiary healthcare settings that specifically treat mental disorders.

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Background: , an intracellular protozoan parasite, exists in the host brain as cysts, which can result in Toxoplasmic Encephalitis (TE) and neurological diseases. However, few studies have been conducted on TE, particularly on how to prevent it. Previous proteomics studies have showed that the expression of C3 in rat brains was up-regulated after infection.

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Article Synopsis
  • * After infecting the civets with the parasite and analyzing their brain tissue, a total of 2808 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with significant alterations in cellular and metabolic processes.
  • * The findings highlighted important genes linked to immune response that could help develop new treatments and detection strategies for T. gondii infection in wild animals.
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The masked palm civet () is a small carnivore with distinct biological characteristics, that likes an omnivorous diet and also serves as a vector of pathogens. Although this species is not an endangered animal, its population is reportedly declining. Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003, the public has been particularly concerned about this species.

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The aim of the present study was to calculate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the single cervical tuberculin test (SCT), rapid lateral flow test (RLFT), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of () infection in Egyptian dairy cattle herds within a Bayesian framework. The true infection within-herd prevalence was assessed as a secondary objective. Data on the test results of SCT, RLFT, and RT-PCR for the detection of were available from 245 cows in eleven herds in six major governorates in Egypt.

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Spontaneous mutations are a common characteristic of the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), leading to wide antigenic variations resulting in the emergence of new topotypes and lineages of FMDV, which contributes to occasional vaccination failures. The objectives of the present study were to genetically characterize FMDV isolated from water buffaloes and study the biochemical and histopathological indicators of infected animals. Fifty-four water buffaloes of both sexes and different ages suffered from acute symptoms of FMD were clinically examined and randomly selected for inclusion in this study.

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In January 2020, the coronavirus disease was declared, by the World Health Organization as a global public health emergency. Recommendations from the WHO COVID Emergency Committee continue to support strengthening COVID surveillance systems, including timely access to effective diagnostics. Questions were raised about the validity of considering the RT-PCR as the gold standard in COVID-19 diagnosis.

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, an early colonizer of the nasal cavity in piglets, is a highly heterogeneous species, comprising both commensal and virulent strains. Virulent strains can cause fibrinous polyserositis called Glässer's disease. Colostrum is a source of passive immunity for young piglets.

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There is limited information about the accuracy of molecular and serological diagnostic assays for tropical theileriosis in asymptomatic carrier large ruminants. This study has estimated the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of PCR and an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in the diagnosis of tropical theileriosis in cattle and buffaloes via a Bayesian latent class analysis (BLCA) framework. Blood samples were collected from 70 cattle and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) raised under a smallholder production system in different Egyptian localities.

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() infection in female mammals during pregnancy can result in poor pregnancy. Similarly, it can result in male reproductive disorders in male mammals. Although the testes and uterus have very different biological makeup, they are still both attacked by resulting in reproductive dysfunctions.

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The number of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) infected dairy herds in Egypt is growing and this calls for accurate and reliable diagnostic methods at cow level for cost-effective bTB eradication as culling of the whole herd is not economically sustainable. The present study aimed to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of PCR, mycobacterial culture and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) assays for Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) detection in blood and milk samples from dairy cows in Egyptian dairy herds within a Bayesian framework.

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Background: () is an obligate intracellular parasite, which can affect the pregnancy outcomes in infected females by damaging the uterus, and the intrauterine environment as well as and the hypothalamus resulting in hormonal imbalance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the parasite-induced poor pregnancy outcomes and the key genes regulating these mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the gene expression in the mouse's uterus following experimentally-induced acute infection with RH strain.

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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens associated with bovine mastitis in Germany and Denmark. Successful therapy is strongly linked to the susceptibility of the pathogen to the administered antimicrobial. An increase in resistant pathogens in human and veterinary medicine has become a concern worldwide and hampers therapy due to reduced susceptibility.

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Glaesserella (formerly Haemophilus) parasuis causes Glässer's disease, which results in high economic loss in the swine industry. To understand the polymicrobial interactions of G. parasuis and the nasal microbiota, the statistical association patterns of nasal colonizing bacteria with virulent and non-virulent strains of G.

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Background: Some researchers have reported that Toxoplasma gondii can cause serious reproductive impairment in male animals. Specifically, T. gondii destroy the quality of sperm in the epididymis, which affects their sexual ability.

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Molecular-based tools sometimes are the only laboratory techniques available to detect a recently discovered agent, and their validation without the existence of previously described 'gold standard' methods poses a challenge for the diagnosticians. A good example within this scenario is the recently described porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) in the swine population worldwide, from which only few PCR methods have been described. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of a direct PCR (dPCR) and a real-time qPCR (qPCR) for detection of PCV-3 in Italian swine population.

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