Publications by authors named "Mahjour J"

It was with terrible shock and profound sadness for all to learn that Dr Mahmoud Fikri, WHO Regional Director for the Eastern Mediterranean, tragically died of a heart attack on 17 October 2017, as he was en route to Uruguay to attend the WHO Global Conference on Noncommunicable Diseases. Dr Fikri had been appointed as Regional Director in January 2017 by WHO's Executive Board following his nomination by the Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean in October 2016. He had taken office on 1 February, 2017.

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Health policies should be based on a sound understanding of the problems, issues and context in which they operate, for which they require reliable data and information for action. The policies should also be informed by the best available research evidence, which also helps in better capturing the problem, understanding existing trends and patterns, and setting reasonable objectives that can be achieved using effective interventions. More importantly, research can provide evidence of comparative effectiveness of alternative interventions for a given public health issue; the costs and feasibility of implementing each intervention; and efficiency of the proposed interventions (policies) in comparison with alternative interventions.

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23 May 2018 will be remembered as an important day in the history of the World Health Organization (WHO) and global health. It was the day when the 194 Member States that constitute the World Health Assembly (WHA) - the highest decision-making body of WHO, making it effectively the global parliament for health - unanimously adopted the thirteenth general programme of work (GPW 13) for the Organization, covering the next five years (2019-2003). In its 70 years of existence, WHO has already seen 12 GPWs, but GPW 13 marks a new departure in many ways, heralding the Organization's entry into a new era of work with new ways of tackling the task of improving people's health and well-being across the globe.

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Background: Joint External Evaluation (JEE) was developed as a new model of peer-to-peer expert external evaluations of IHR capacities using standardized approaches.

Aims: This study aimed to consolidate findings of these assessments in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and assess their significance.

Methods: Analysis of the data were conducted for 14 countries completing JEE in the Region.

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By 2014, only 33% of countries had self-reported compliance with the International Health Regulations (2005), including 8 countries from the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). During the Ebola epidemic, the discovery of a gap between objective assessment and self-reports for certain IHR capacities prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to review and update the IHR monitoring and evaluation framework to include a voluntary objective review process, called Joint External Evaluation (JEE), that did not exist before. The regional committee for the EMR approved the JEE and encouraged its 21 member states to volunteer for reviews.

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The devastating Ebola outbreak that raged in west Africa most of 2014 and 2015 has finally come to an end. The epidemic reached unprecedented levels with far reaching implications for global health security. The epidemic, which started in December 2013, killed more than 11 000 people and infected at least 28 600, more than the total deaths and cases combined reported in the entire history of the disease.

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Acute respiratory illnesses and influenza-like illnesses (ILI) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Data from developed countries reveal that seasonal influenza can affect up to 15% of the population presenting with upper respiratory tract infections and may result in up to 500 000 deaths worldwide annually. Despite their public health importance, little was known about the aetiology of these illnesses in the countries of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).

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The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-Cov), first detected in 2012, continues to cause health concerns owing to the grave uncertainties that have surrounded the virus since it emerged. Three and half years after the first known human infection was detected, cases continue to be reported every month, over 85% of which have been from Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Despite its low levels of transmission, the virus presents an uncertain future as a number of critical knowledge gaps on the source and route of transmission have hindered the global response to this emerging infection.

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One-third of all morbidities and mortalities in the Eastern Mediterranean Region are attributed to communicable diseases. A continued situation of war and conflict, and growing political unrest in the Region, coupled with factors such as travel and migration, and insufficient infrastructure and inadequate technical and managerial capacity ofthe programmes are the major challenges. Despite these challenges, the Region continued making progress towards the elimination of specific diseases such as lymphatic filariasis, measles, malaria, schistosomiasis and dracunculiasis during 2010-11.

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The Eastern Mediterranean Region of World Health Organization has been an emerging focus for global health after the discovery of a novel coronavirus infection in some countries in the Region. The Region has already witnessed a number of emerging zoonoses with epidemic potential. In view of this new virus, there is now an urgent need for strong public health vigilance and monitoring of the evolution of the virus in the Region.

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The Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization is facing an increasing burden of vector-borne diseases. Progress in controlling these diseases is compromised by the limited number of vector control interventions, most of which rely on the use of pesticides. Seventeen countries of the Region participated in a global survey that aimed to map and document registration and management practices for public health pesticides.

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Mass gatherings of people challenge public health capacities at host locations and the visitors' places of origin. Hajj--the yearly pilgrimage by Muslims to Saudi Arabia--is one of the largest, most culturally and geographically diverse mass gatherings in the world. With the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 and upcoming Hajj, the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health (MoH) convened a preparedness consultation in June, 2009.

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We reviewed data collected from 1993 to 2004 as part of the routine activities of the national tuberculosis (TB) control programme (NTP) in Morocco. More than 1 million household TB contacts were identified in approximately 200,000 investigations. On average, 77% of identified contacts were screened every year; overall prevalence was 2.

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