Bladder cancer biomarkers: current approaches and future directions.

Bladder cancer is a significant health concern worldwide, necessitating effective diagnostic and monitoring strategies. Biomarkers play a crucial role in the early detection, prognosis, and treatment of this disease. This review explores the current landscape of bladder cancer biomarkers, including FDA-approved molecular biomarkers and emerging ones.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing isolates causing hospital- and community-acquired infections in Tunisia (2001-2019): expansion of CTX-M-15-C2 and CTX-M-27-C1 ST131 subclades.

Unlabelled: The prevalence of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing (ESBL-EC) and carbapenemase-producing (CP-EC) is increasing worldwide. We investigated the epidemiology of ESBL-EC and CP-EC causing hospital-acquired (HA) infections in a large teaching hospital in Tunisia over the last two decades and compared it with a collection of 107 community-acquired (CA) ESBL-EC isolates. Between 2001 and 2019, the incidence of HA ESBL-EC increased significantly from 0.

Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Peganum harmala seeds on HCT116 human colon cancer cells.

Background: The present study aimed to elucidate the potential anticancer activity and mechanism of P. harmala's alkaloid extract, harmine (HAR), and harmaline (HAL) in HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells.

Methods And Results: P.

Nasopharyngeal Carriage of in Tunisian Healthy under-Five Children during a Three-Year Survey Period (2020 to 2022).

We aimed to assess the prevalence of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage and to determine serotype distribution, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and evolutionary dynamics of isolates in healthy under-five children. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from healthy children over three survey periods between 2020 and 2022. All pneumococcal isolates were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.

Group B and Perinatality in the South of Tunisia: Epidemiology, Serotype Distribution, and Antibiotic Susceptibility.

Introduction: In the lack of updated Tunisian epidemiological data, we sought to describe the epidemiology of Group B (GBS) in pregnant women and newborns.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of GBS neonatal invasive infections and a cross-sectional study evaluating the prevalence of maternal GBS colonization were conducted. GBS isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, serotyped, and assessed for the appurtenance to the hypervirulent ST17 clone.

Prenatal diagnosis of Sex determining region Y -box transcription factor 2 anophthalmia syndrome caused by germline mosaicism using next-generation sequencing: A case report.

Background: Sex determining region Y box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) mutations lead to bilateral anophthalmia with autosomal dominant human inheritance. SOX2 mutations could result in severe ocular phenotypes usually associated with variable systemic defects. Most patients described with SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome possessed de novo mutations in this gene.

The study of a hermaphroditic sheep caused by a mutation in the promoter of gene.

In mammals, sex-determining region Y () gene plays vital role as a transcription factor to regulate the expression of the genes contributing to development of male genitals. Any mutation disrupting expression of gene can cause disorders of sex development (DSDs). In this study, the examination of a hermaphroditic (female-like) Shal sheep which was referred for infertility is described.

Advances of Epigenetic Biomarkers and Epigenome Editing for Early Diagnosis in Breast Cancer.

Epigenetic modifications are known to regulate cell phenotype during cancer progression, including breast cancer. Unlike genetic alterations, changes in the epigenome are reversible, thus potentially reversed by epi-drugs. Breast cancer, the most common cause of cancer death worldwide in women, encompasses multiple histopathological and molecular subtypes.

Novel Mutation Associated with Vici Syndrome Gene.

Introduction: Vici syndrome (also known as immunodeficiency with cleft lip/palate, cataract, and hypopigmentation and absent corpus callosum) is considered as a progressive neurodevelopmental multisystem disorder. Till date, only 80 cases, including our patient, with this syndrome have been reported .This syndrome is characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, hypopigmentation of the eyes and hair, cataract, cardiomyopathy, combined immunodeficiency, hearing loss, seizures, and additional multisystem involvements which have been reported as case reports in the past.

Multi-stage analysis of expression patterns in colorectal cancer.

Aim: To explore biomarkers with a tumor stage-dependent expression pattern in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Background: The fourth most common cancer in the world is colorectal cancer (CRC). A variation in the gene expression rate is a common change in cancers initiation and the accumulation of these variation changes the behavior of normal cells and turns them into cancer cells.

Automated analysis of karyotype images.

Karyotype is a genetic test that is used for detection of chromosomal defects. In a karyotype test, an image is captured from chromosomes during the cell division. The captured images are then analyzed by cytogeneticists in order to detect possible chromosomal defects.

Investigation of promoter methylation patterns association with genes expression profile of ISL1, MGMT and DMNT3b in tissue of breast cancer patients.

Background And Objectives: Cancer initiation and progression could influenced by both genetic and epigenetic events revealing of the overlap between epigenetic and genetic alteration can give important insights into cancer biology.

Methods And Results: In this experiment ISL1, MGMT, DMNT3b genes were candidate to investigate both methylation status and expression profile by using methylation-specific PCR and real time PCR in 40 breast cancer patients, respectively, also we have assessed relation of the promoter methylation status and expression variation of the target genes. The mean level of methylation of ISL1 and MGMT in tumor tissues were significantly greater than normal tissues.

Relationship Between Serotypes and Antimicrobial Nonsusceptibility of Clinical Isolates in Tunisia.

remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the overall success of the vaccine programs. In Tunisia, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV)10 was introduced in the national immunization program in April 2019. We sought to determine the relationship between serotypes and antimicrobial nonsusceptibility of isolates recovered from clinical samples in the prevaccination period in the south of Tunisia.

Characterization of pathways involved in colorectal cancer using real-time RT-PCR gene expression data.

Aim: Efforts to explore biomarkers and biological pathways involved in the disease are needed to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis and alternative treatments.

Background: The fourth common malignancy in the world is colorectal cancer. The over-all burden is predicted to rise by 2030.

Identification of two novel homozygous nonsense mutations in TRAPPC9 in two unrelated consanguineous families with intellectual Disability from Iran.

Background: Pathogenic mutations in TRAPPC9 are associated with autosomal recessive Intellectual Disability (ID), a major public health issue that affects about 1-3% of children worldwide.

Method: Clinical evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging, peripheral blood karyotype, Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), array CGH, and whole-exome sequencing were used to characterize etiology in three patients from two unrelated consanguineous families of Iranian descent with intellectual disability.

Results: Whole-exome sequencing showed two novel homozygous nonsense mutations (c.

LRIG1 expression and colorectal cancer prognosis.

Background: To make the right treatment decisions about colorectal cancer (CRC) patients reliable predictive and prognostic data are needed. However, in many cases this data is not enough. Some studies suggest that LRIG1 gene (leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains1) has prognostic implications in different kinds of cancers.

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenol Content from Hairs (Waste).

The aim of this study was to achieve the best extraction efficiency of the hydroethanolic extract of hairs. The impacts of ethanol concentration, extraction time, and solvent /material ratio were studied in relation to the performance of extracts by ultrasonic extraction at 50 kHz and room temperature. All extracts were quantitatively characterized in terms of polyphenol content.

Introduction of hsa-miR-512-3p as a new regulator of HER2 signaling pathway in breast cancer.

Purpose: Dysregulation of HER2 signaling pathway in breast cancer is well documented. Our bioinformatics analysis predicted hsa-miR-512-3p (miR-512-3p) as a bona fide regulator of HER2 as well as HER3, PIK3R2, and AKT1 genes. Then, we intended to examine the effect of miR-512-3p on the predicted target genes that are involved in HER2 signaling pathway.

Establishment of a CALU, AURKA, and MCM2 gene panel for discrimination of metastasis from primary colon and lung cancers.

Metastasis is known as a key step in cancer recurrence and could be stimulated by multiple factors. Calumenin (CALU) is one of these factors which has a direct impact on cancer metastasis and yet, its underlined mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. The current study was aimed to identify CALU co-expressed genes, their signaling pathways, and expression status within the human cancers.

Immunogenicity Evaluation of Recombinant Edible Vaccine Candidate Containing HER2-MUC1 against Breast Cancer.

Human epithelial growth factor receptor2 (Her2) and polymorphic epithelial mucin (MUC1) are tumor-associated antigens that have been extensively investigated in adenocarcinomas. Generally, each of these molecules was used separately for diagnosis of adenocarcinomas and as an injective vaccines in cancer therapy researches, but not in the chimeric form as an edible immunogen. In this study, Her2, MUC1, and a novel fusion structure were expressed in the seeds and hairy roots of transgenic plants appropriately.

Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis caused by a novel variant in the GALNT3 gene.

Aim: Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC) is a rare endocrine disorder caused by autosomal recessive variants in GALNT3, FGF23, and KL leading to progressive calcification of soft tissues and subsequent clinical effects. The aim of this was to study the cause of HFTC in an Iranian family.

Patients And Methods: Four generations of a family with HFTC were studied for understanding the genetic pattern of the disease.

A siRNA-based method for efficient silencing of PYROXD1 gene expression in the colon cancer cell line HCT116.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the biological function of pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase domain 1 (PYROXD1), a recently discovered protein, in colon cancer cell line HCT116.

Methods: The small interfering RNA (siRNA) was designed rationally on the basis of the target sequence against PYROXD1. Relative PYROXD1 mRNA levels were measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Phytochemical Screening, Polyphenols Content, Antioxidant Power, and Antibacterial Activity of from Morocco.

The aim of this study is to investigate antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts for aerial parts of . Extracts were screened for their possible antioxidant activities by three tests: DPPH free radical-scavenging, reducing power, and molybdenum systems. The screening of antibacterial activity of extracts was individually evaluated against sixteen bacteria species using a disc diffusion method.