pH-Sensitive Tacrolimus loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease is the chronic tissue inflammation of the lower part of the Gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Conventional therapeutic approaches face numerous challenges, often making the delivery system inadequate for treating the disease. This study aimed to integrate a pH-sensitive polymer and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to develop a hybrid nanocarrier system.

QbD-Based Fabrication of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Embedded Gelatin Nanoparticles for Localized Drug Delivery against Deteriorated Arthritic Joint Architecture.

Biomaterials such as nanohydroxyapatite and gelatin are widely explored to improve damaged joint architecture associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Besides joint damage, RA is associated with inflammation of joints and cartilage, which potentiates the need for both bone nucleation and therapeutic intervention. For such purpose, a modified nanoprecipitation method is used herein to fabricate tofacitinib (Tofa)-loaded nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) embedded gelatin (GLT) nanoparticles (NPs) (Tofa-nHA-GLT NPs).

Dual pH and microbial-sensitive galactosylated polymeric nanocargoes for multi-level targeting to combat ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation, ulcers and irritation of the mucosal lining. Oral drug delivery in UC encounters challenges because of multifaceted barriers. Dexamethasone-loaded galactosylated-PLGA/Eudragit S100/pullulan nanocargoes (Dexa-GP/ES/Pu NCs) have been developed with a dual stimuli-sensitive coating responsive to both colonic pH and microbiota, and an underneath galactosylated-PLGA core (GP).

QbD-based fabrication of transferrin-anchored nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery to macrophages and colon cells for mucosal inflammation healing.

Colon mucosal inflammation attracts a plethora of immune cells with overexpressed surface receptors. Colon drug targeting can be aided by exploiting overexpressed cell surface receptors which improve drug site retention for an extended period. We developed Tofacitinib citrate (Tofa) loaded transferrin anchored PLGA nanocarriers (Tofa-P/tfr NCs) the quality by design (QbD) approach for specific binding to the transferrin receptor (TFR-1/CD71) overexpressed on macrophages and colon epithelial cells.

Small but powerful: will nanoparticles be the future state-of-the-art therapy for IBD?

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract particularly affecting the colon and the ileum. IBD patients can have a very poor quality of life because of the limited therapeutic efficacy and accompanied adverse effects.

Areas Covered: The potential ways to employ nanoparticles to deliver drugs to a certain site of inflammation are discussed.

Nanomaterials in the Management of Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections.

The exploration of multiplexed bacterial virulence factors is a major problem in the early stages of infection therapy. Traditional methods for detecting (, such as serological experiments, immunoassays, polymerase chain reaction, and isothermal microcalorimetry have some drawbacks. As a result, detecting in a timely, cost-effective, and sensitive manner is critical for various areas of human safety and health.

Simulation, In Vitro, and In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assessments of Methotrexate-Loaded pH-Responsive Nanocarriers.

In this study, pH-responsive niosomal methotrexate (MTX) modified with ergosterol was prepared for potential anticancer application. The prepared formulation had a size of 176.7 ± 3.

Evaluating the mucoprotective effects of glycyrrhizic acid-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in a murine model of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis via suppression of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.

Objectives: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic drug, has severe deteriorating effects on the intestine, leading to mucositis. Glycyrrhizic acid is a compound derived from a common herbal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, with mucoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, however, associated with poor pharmacokinetics. Owing to the remarkable therapeutic action of glycyrrhizic acid-loaded polymeric nanocarriers in inflammatory bowel disease, we explored their activity against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis in mice.

DNA Based and Stimuli-Responsive Smart Nanocarrier for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Applications and Challenges.

The rapid development of multidrug co-delivery and nano-medicines has made spontaneous progress in tumor treatment and diagnosis. DNA is a unique biological molecule that can be tailored and molded into various nanostructures. The addition of ligands or stimuli-responsive elements enables DNA nanostructures to mediate highly targeted drug delivery to the cancer cells.

A holistic QBD approach to design galactose conjugated PLGA polymer and nanoparticles to catch macrophages during intestinal inflammation.

Recruited macrophages in inflammation attract various ligand-receptor drug delivery approaches. Galactose bound nanocarriers are promising to catch macrophages because of surface-expressed macrophage galactose type-lectin-C (MGL-2) receptor. The present study reported fabrication of galactose conjugated PLGA (GAL-PLGA) polymer and nanoparticles under quality by design (QBD) approach to investigate macrophages targeting potential at inflamed intestine.

Topical delivery of curcumin-loaded transfersomes gel ameliorated rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting NF-κβ pathway.

To fabricate and evaluate curcumin-loaded transfersomes (Cur-TF) for the targeted delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of curcumin for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Modified thin-film hydration method was used to prepare Cur-TF which were then embedded into carbopol-934 gel. They were further evaluated through techniques and in an arthritis model.

Aerodynamic properties and in silico deposition of isoniazid loaded chitosan/thiolated chitosan and hyaluronic acid hybrid nanoplex DPIs as a potential TB treatment.

Existing therapies yield low drug encapsulation or accumulation in the lungs, hence the site-specific drug delivery remains the challenge for tuberculosis. Lately, dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are showing promising drug deposition in the deeper lung tissues. Biocompatible polymers with the ability to naturally recognize and bind to the surface receptors of alveolar macrophages, the reservoir of the causative organism, were selected.

Biomimetic hydroxyapatite as potential polymeric nanocarrier for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology with much higher prevalence in world's population. RA is initially associated with inflammation of joints and cartilages that ultimately leads to their destruction thus requiring a therapeutic intervention. The available conventional therapeutic strategies for RA are not satisfactory because of the associated side effects such as toxicity, delayed action, and dependence.

Glycyrrhizic acid-loaded pH-sensitive poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for the amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease.

To fabricate and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid (GA)-loaded pH-sensitive nanoformulations that specifically target and combat mucosal inflammation of the colon. GA-loaded Eudragit S100/poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles were developed through modified double-emulsion evaporation coupled with solvent evaporation coating techniques and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, surface chemistry, release kinetics, site-retention and therapeutic effectiveness. Nanoparticles have a particle size of approximately 200 nm, high encapsulation efficiency, desired surface chemistry with pH-dependent and sustained drug release behavior following the Gompertz kinetic model.

Advances in orally-delivered pH-sensitive nanocarrier systems; an optimistic approach for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) affecting the colon and ileum in particular. Increasing IBD prevalence worldwide is alarming, and needs to be resolved. Due to the limited therapeutic efficacy, accompanying adverse effects, dependence, and pharmacokinetics issues of the available therapy, IBD patients have compromised quality of life.