Financial performance of English NHS trusts and variation in clinical outcomes: a longitudinal observational study.

Objectives: To examine the association between financial performance as measured by operating margin (surplus/deficit as a proportion of turnover) and clinical outcomes in English National Health Service (NHS) trusts.

Setting: Longitudinal, observational study in 149 acute NHS trusts in England between the financial years 2011 and 2016.

Participants: Our analysis focused on outcomes at individual NHS Trust-level (composed of one or more acute hospitals).

Respiratory disease mortality in the United Kingdom compared with EU15+ countries in 1985-2015: observational study.

Objective: To compare age standardised death rates for respiratory disease mortality between the United Kingdom and other countries with similar health system performance.

Design: Observational study.

Setting: World Health Organization Mortality Database, 1985-2015.

Trends in mortality from pneumonia in the Europe union: a temporal analysis of the European detailed mortality database between 2001 and 2014.

Background: Pneumonia is responsible for approximately 230,000 deaths in Europe, annually. Comprehensive and comparable reports on pneumonia mortality trends across the European Union (EU) are lacking.

Methods: A temporal analysis of national mortality statistics to compare trends in pneumonia age-standardised death rates (ASDR) of EU countries between 2001 and 2014 was performed.

A systematic analysis of UK cancer research funding by gender of primary investigator.

Objectives: To categorically describe cancer research funding in the UK by gender of primary investigator (PIs).

Design: Systematic analysis of all open-access data.

Methods: Data about public and philanthropic cancer research funding awarded to UK institutions between 2000 and 2013 were obtained from several sources.

The impact of improving teamwork on patient outcomes in surgery: A systematic review.

Background: The aviation industry pioneered formalised crew training in order to improve safety and reduce consequences of non-technical error. This formalised training has been successfully adapted and used to in the field of surgery to improve post-operative patient outcomes. The need to implement teamwork training as an integral part of a surgical programme is increasingly being recognised.

Effects of health and social care spending constraints on mortality in England: a time trend analysis.

Objective: Since 2010, England has experienced relative constraints in public expenditure on healthcare (PEH) and social care (PES). We sought to determine whether these constraints have affected mortality rates.

Methods: We collected data on health and social care resources and finances for England from 2001 to 2014.

Unemployment and HIV mortality in the countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: 1981-2009.

Objectives: To determine an association between unemployment rates and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mortality in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Design: Multivariate regression analysis.

Participants: OECD member states.

Effects of economic downturns on child mortality: a global economic analysis, 1981-2010.

Objectives: To analyse how economic downturns affect child mortality both globally and among subgroups of countries of variable income levels.

Design: Retrospective observational study using economic data from the World Bank's Development Indicators and Global Development Finance (2013 edition). Child mortality data were sourced from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.

Investments in cancer research awarded to UK institutions and the global burden of cancer 2000-2013: a systematic analysis.

Objectives: To systematically categorise cancer research investment awarded to United Kingdom (UK) institutions in the period 2000-2013 and to estimate research investment relative to disease burden as measured by mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years lived with disability (YLDs).

Design: Systematic analysis of all open-access data.

Setting And Participants: Public and philanthropic funding to all UK cancer research institutions, 2000-2013.

Very large treatment effects in randomised trials as an empirical marker to indicate whether subsequent trials are necessary: meta-epidemiological assessment.

Objective:  To examine whether a very large effect (VLE; defined as a relative risk of ≤0.2 or ≥5) in a randomised trial could be an empirical marker that subsequent trials are unnecessary.

Design:  Meta-epidemiological assessment of existing published data on randomised trials.

Guidance on feedback of outcome data to improve performance in vascular surgery.

Feedback of performance data is a well-established method of performance improvement in the health-care setting, although guidance has been limited in the context of surgical performance. This article outlines how optimal feedback can be achieved using surgeon outcome data.

Implementation of a teaching programme to improve doctors' awareness of DVLA guidelines: a multicentre study.

Introduction: Over half of the UK population holds a driver's licence. Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority (DVLA) guidelines are available for conditions from most specialties. Despite this, no focused training occurs in the undergraduate or postgraduate setting.

Economic downturns, universal health coverage, and cancer mortality in high-income and middle-income countries, 1990-2010: a longitudinal analysis.

Background: The global economic crisis has been associated with increased unemployment and reduced public-sector expenditure on health care (PEH). We estimated the effects of changes in unemployment and PEH on cancer mortality, and identified how universal health coverage (UHC) affected these relationships.

Methods: For this longitudinal analysis, we obtained data from the World Bank and WHO (1990-2010).