Exploring the relationship between insomnia and depression: a cross-sectional prospective study.

Unlabelled: This is a cross-sectional prospective study aimed to examine the association between insomnia and depression among individuals attending an outpatient psychiatric clinic.

Methods: A total of 416 participants were recruited from the psychiatric and mental health outpatient clinic using a cross-sectional design. The participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to measure sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms, respectively.