A state-of-the-art review on lignocellulosic biomass-derived activated carbon for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants: a property and mechanistic study.

A promising water treatment method involves using biomass-derived activated carbon (AC) to remove emerging pollutants from wastewater due to its adsorption capacity, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. Notwithstanding, the existing literature lacks comprehensive studies that specifically focus on removing contaminants in water by comparing the effectiveness of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation methods. Additionally, there is not much emphasis on analyzing the combined processes of adsorption-photocatalytic degradation utilizing AC.

Molecular structure, vibrational spectral, electron density analysis on linaloe oil and molecular docking efficacy against the therapeutic target on human immunodeficiency virus-1 organism (VIRAL protein).

Natural traditional medicine extensively uses certain terpenes and gives plants their flavor, aroma, and color. Treatments for bacterial infections, malaria, and cardiovascular disorders, anti-inflammatory, promote circulation, and heal wounds. 3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol (Linalool) is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol with no cycle and is a colorless liquid.

Remediation of Dyes Using Supramolecular Material Derived from Carbohydrate Based π-Gelator Using the Bottom-Up Assembly Approach.

As a consequence of rapid population growth, the earth has faced numerous environmental sustainability issues and crises, water pollution is one of the important points of concern because of industrialization. In particular, effluents discharged from dying industries are rated top among the various industrial effluents, especially by their volume and composition. Annually >7.

Rapid Assembly of Functionalized 2-Chromenes and 1,2-Dihydroquinolines via Microwave-Assisted Secondary Amine-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of 2-/-Propargylarylaldehydes with 2,6-Dialkylphenols.

An efficient, secondary amine-catalyzed cascade annulation of 2-/-propargylarylaldehydes with 2,6-dialkylphenols was established to access biologically relevant functionalized 2-chromenes and 1,2-dihydroquinolines tethered with a synthetically useful -quinone methide scaffold in high yields under microwave irradiation and conventional heating conditions. The microwave-assisted strategy was convenient, clean, rapid, and high yielding in which the reactions were completed in just 15 min, and the yields obtained were up to 95%. This highly atom-economical domino process constructed two new C-C double bonds and a six-membered O/N-heterocyclic ring in a single synthetic operation.

Iodine-catalyzed three-component annulation: access to highly fluorescent trisubstituted thiophenes.

An efficient synthesis of highly fluorescent trisubstituted thiophenes was achieved iodine-catalyzed, base-promoted annulation employing elemental sulfur as a sulfur source. The compounds exhibit excellent photophysical properties like solid-state fluorescence, high quantum yield and solvatochromism. As these thiophene derivatives have potential application in the development of optoelectronic devices, gram-scale synthesis of the desired heterocycles was demonstrated.

Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Benzo[][1,4]oxazepine-, 2-Chromene-, and 1,2-Dihydroquinoline-Fused Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles under Microwave-Assisted Conditions.

An efficient, diversity-oriented synthesis of oxazepino[5,4-]quinazolin-9-ones, 6-chromeno[4,3-]quinolines, and dibenzo[,][1,6]naphthyridines was established involving a substrate-based approach under microwave-assisted and conventional heating conditions in high yields (up to 88%). The CuBr-catalyzed, chemoselective cascade annulation of -propargylated 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes and 2-aminobenzamides delivered oxazepino[5,4-]quinazolin-9-ones involving a 6-- cyclization-air oxidation-1,3-proton shift-7- cyclization sequence. This one-pot process showed excellent atom economy (-HO) and constructed two new heterocyclic rings (six- and seven-membered) and three new C-N bonds in a single synthetic operation.

Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular oxypalladation-initiated cascade: solvent-dependent chemodivergent approach to functionalized benzazepines and tetrahydroquinolines.

Palladium-catalyzed, solvent-dependent intramolecular oxypalladation-triggered domino sequences of internal alkynes bearing tethered nucleophilic carboxylic ester and electrophilic enone functionalities were developed for the chemodivergent synthesis of two completely distinct biologically significant complex molecules including isochromenone-fused benzazepines and isobenzofuranone-fused tetrahydroquinolines/chromanes in a single synthetic operation.

Electronically Robust Self-Assembled Supramolecular Gel as a Potential Material in Triboelectric Nanogenerators.

A series of self-assembling gluconamide conjugated naphthalimide amphiphiles (GCNA) was synthesized and the self-assembly of GCNA into gel rendered an increased electron density in naphthalimide moiety with an overall change in energy of 15.33×10  J via J-type aggregation. SEM analysis and X-ray diffraction underpinning the nanofibrillar formation, and rheological measurements confirmed the processablity and material fabrication.

A microwave-assisted intramolecular aminopalladation-triggered domino sequence: an atom economical route to 5,10-dihydroindeno[1,2-]indoles.

A microwave-assisted, palladium(II)-catalyzed cascade reaction of 2-alkynylanilines tethered with an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety was established to access 5,10-dihydroindeno[1,2-]indoles in high yields (up to 84%) in a short reaction time. This operationally simple cascade process shows 100% atom economy and allows the construction of two new five-membered rings and two new (1 C-C and 1 C-N) bonds in a single synthetic attempt. The mechanistic pathway of this reaction is visualized involving intramolecular aminopalladation (5-) followed by carbopalladation (olefin insertion) and protonolysis steps.

Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the COVID-19 Emergency Field Hospital of Bangkalan, Indonesia.

Following the surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in the epicenter of East Java Province, this study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 at one of the emergency field hospitals in Indonesia. This was a single-centered, retrospective descriptive study of 763 patients admitted to the COVID-19 Emergency Field Hospital of Bangkalan from July 5 2021 to September 30 2021. The demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, pre-existing comorbidities, therapy, and clinical outcomes of the patients were analyzed using SPSS.

Design, development and model analysis of lower extremity Exo-skeleton.

Over the past few years the growth and development of exo-skeleton has dramatically raised with the development of precise control elements and actuation systems. Many exo-skeleton systems have been designed, developed and tested for performance optimization. In the recent years, the significance of exo-skeleton in medical fields have got increased and are used in providing therapy and rehabilitation to the patients.

Hybrid hydrogels derived from renewable resources as a smart stimuli responsive soft material for drug delivery applications.

The design and synthesis of amphiphilic molecules play a crucial role in fabricating smart functional materials self-assembly. Especially, biologically significant natural molecules and their structural analogues have inspired chemists and made a major contribution to the development of advanced smart materials. In this report, a series of amphiphilic -acyl amides were synthesized from natural precursors using a simple synthetic protocol.

Glycolipid-Based Oleogels and Organogels: Promising Nanostructured Structuring Agents.

Over the past few decades, the scientific community is actively involved in the development of edible structuring agents suitable for food, cosmetics, agricultural, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology applications. In particular, edible oil structuring using simple amphiphiles would be the best alternative for the currently used trans and saturated fatty acids, which cause deleterious health effects and cardiovascular problems. In this report, we have made an attempt to address the aforementioned consequences, by synthesizing a new class of structuring agents by a judicious combination of δ-gluconolactone and ricinoleic acid, compounds classified as GRAS, using simple steps in good yield.

An injectable self-healing anesthetic glycolipid-based oleogel with antibiofilm and diabetic wound skin repair properties.

Globally, wound infections are considered as one of the major healthcare problems owing to the delayed healing process in diabetic patients and microbial contamination. Thus, the development of advanced materials for wound skin repair is of great research interest. Even though several biomaterials were identified as wound healing agents, gel-based scaffolds derived from either polymer or small molecules have displayed promising wound closure mechanism.

Regioselective synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines via syn- and anti-nucleopalladation-initiated cascade processes.

Palladium(ii)-catalyzed regioselective syn-chloropalladation and anti-acetoxypalladation-initiated cascade processes were developed for the synthesis of functionalized tetrahydroquinolines. A series of N-propargyl arylamines tethered with an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold underwent atom economical cascade reactions to deliver chloro- and acetoxy-substituted tetrahydroquinolines bearing an exocyclic double bond in high yields. A mechanism is proposed for these cascade processes involving a sequential syn-chloropalladation or anti-acetoxypalladation of alkynes followed by intramolecular olefin insertion (6-exo-trig) and protonolysis steps.

Direct Access to Bridged Tetrahydroquinolines and Chromanes via an InCl-Catalyzed Sequential Three-Component Cascade.

A sequential three-component cascade process was developed for the synthesis of bridged tetrahydroquinolines and chromanes bearing 2,6-methanobenzo[][1,3]diazocine and 2,6-methanobenzo[][1,3]oxazocine scaffolds, respectively, in good yields from readily available materials. The InCl-catalyzed reaction progressed via enamine formation, Michael addition, intramolecular cyclization, and intramolecular iminium ion cyclization steps. Notably, this high atom economic approach (-2HO) allowed the generation of four new bonds (1 C-C and 3 C-N or 1 C-C, 1 C-O and 2 C-N) and two heterocyclic rings in a single operation.

N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Synthesis of Trisubstituted Epoxides via Tandem Amidation/Epoxidation Sequence.

A tandem amidation/epoxidation sequence between various substituted chalcones and -dimethylformamide (DMF) for the synthesis of trisubstituted epoxides employing N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis was developed. This reaction was performed under metal-free conditions in the presence of -butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant. Trisubstituted epoxides bearing a ketone and an amide functionality (,-dimethyl formyl group) were synthesized starting from a wide range of chalcones in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivity.

Oxidant-free, three-component synthesis of 7-amino-6-benzo[]chromen-6-ones under green conditions.

An oxidant-free three-component synthesis of biologically significant 7-amino-6-benzo[]chromen-6-ones was established involving a Sc(OTf) catalyzed three-component reaction between primary amines, β-ketoesters and 2-hydroxychalcones under green conditions. In this strategy, both the B and C rings of 6-benzo[]chromen-6-ones were constructed simultaneously starting from acyclic precursors by generating four new bonds including two C-C, one C-N and one C-O in a single synthetic operation. The mechanism of this sequential cascade process involves the initial formation of a β-enaminone intermediate followed by Michael addition with 2-hydroxychalcone, intramolecular cyclization, dehydration, lactonization and aromatization steps.

Smart supramolecular gels of enolizable amphiphilic glycosylfuran.

The implementation of a novel approach in the development of stimuli responsive supramolecular gels is an important objective that challenges material chemists and biologists in order to access an exclusively new category of smart materials. In this report, non-toxic, bio-based amphiphilic glycosylfurans were designed and synthesized using a biocatalyst, Novozyme 435, an immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica. The self-assembly of these compounds generated oleogels and hydrogels.

Direct Access to 9-Chloro-1-benzo[]furo[3,4-]azepin-1-ones via Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular -Oxypalladation/Olefin Insertion/sp-C-H Bond Activation Cascade.

An efficient Pd(II)-catalyzed cascade approach was established for the synthesis of 9-chloro-1-benzo[]furo[3,4-]azepin-1-ones starting from -propargyl arylamines having a pendant α,β-unsaturated ester scaffold. The mechanism of this sequential process involved intramolecular -oxypalladation followed by olefin insertion and sp-C-Cl bond formation reactions. This high atom- and step-economical cascade sequence generated two heterocycle rings and three new bonds in a single synthetic operation.

Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Syn-Chloropalladation-Olefin Insertion-Oxidative Chlorination Cascade: Synthesis of Dichlorinated Tetrahydroquinolines.

A palladium catalyzed cascade process involving syn-chloropalladation, intramolecular olefin insertion, and oxidative C-Cl bond formation reactions was demonstrated for the synthesis of dichlorinated tetrahydroquinolines in high yields (up to 93%). The N-propargyl arylamines having a tethered α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety underwent a regioselective syn-chloropalladation followed by a Heck-type reaction to deliver the tetrahydroquinoline scaffold. The rare insertion of the second chlorine atom was rationalized comprising a Pd catalytic cycle and oxidative cleavage of the C-Pd bond.

Diastereoselective ABB' Three-Component Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Spirooxindoles Bearing Five Consecutive Asymmetric Carbons.

The synthesis of spirooxindoles bearing tetrahydro-4 H-cyclopenta[ b]furan framework was established starting from isatin-derived aldehydes and 2 equiv of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds involving a piperidine-catalyzed ABB' three-component domino process. This reaction was highly diastereoselective affording a single diastereomer of spirooxindoles with five consecutive asymmetric carbons including spiro and tetrasubstituted carbon centers. In addition, this waste-free (-2HO) reaction showed high atom economy and step economy by creating four new bonds, including three C-C bonds and one C-O bond, and two rings (one carbo- and one heterocyclic) in a single operation.

Supramolecular Gel Formation Based on Glycolipids Derived from Renewable Resources.

The potential applications of self-assembled supramolecular gels based on natural molecules encouraged the researchers to develop a versatile synthetic method for their structural analogues. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of glycolipid from renewable resources, cashew nut shell liquid,d and d-glucose in good yield. Gelation behavior of these glycolipids were studied in a wide range of solvents and oils.

Enzymatic synthesis and self-assembly of glycolipids: robust self-healing and wound closure performance of assembled soft materials.

In developing countries, wounds are a major health concern and pose a significant problem. Hence, the development of new materials that can act as scaffolds for tissue regeneration and regrowth is necessary. In this report, we present a new class of injectable oleogel and composite gel derived from glycolipids that provide reversible interlinked 3D fiberous network architecture for effective wound closure by tissue regrowth and regeneration.

Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Furan-Based Oligoesters and their Self-Assembly-Assisted Polymerization.

We investigate the synthesis of bio-based hydrophilic and hydrophobic oligoesters, which in turn are derived from easily accessible monomers from natural resources. In addition to the selection of renewable monomers, Novozyme 435, an immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica was used for the oligomerization of monomers. The reaction conditions for oligomerization using Novozyme 435 were established to obtain a moderate-to-good yield.