Nef defect attenuates HIV viremia and immune dysregulation in the bone marrow-liver-thymus-spleen (BLTS) humanized mouse model.

In vitro studies have shown that deletion of nef and deleterious mutation in the Nef dimerization interface attenuates HIV replication and associated pathogenesis. Humanized rodents with human immune cells and lymphoid tissues are robust in vivo models for investigating the interactions between HIV and the human immune system. Here, we demonstrate that nef deletion impairs HIV replication and HIV-induced immune dysregulation in the blood and human secondary lymphoid tissue (human spleen) in bone marrow-liver-thymus-spleen (BLTS) humanized mice.

Clinical profile of children with influenza like illness during pre-monsoon at coastal Karaikal, Puducherry, India.

Influenza infections in developing countries are under reported and WHO estimates that nearly 99% of influenza deaths worldwide occur in children under-five years of age in Asian and African countries. Consequently, this study aims to analyze the use of clinical profile and easily available laboratory parameters to aid identification of the possible viral etiology in the setting of pre-monsoon ILI. A cross-sectional study was carried out for three months among children with ILI attending fever clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Karaikal, South India.

The frequency and timing of sepsis-associated coagulopathy in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Introduction: Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The frequency and severity of sepsis-associated coagulopathy as well as its relationship to illness severity are unclear.

Methods: We performed a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study of all infants admitted to the University of Florida Health (UF Health), level IV NICU between January 1st 2012 to March 1st 2020 to measure the frequency of sepsis-associated coagulopathy as well as its temporal relationship to critical illness in the NICU population.

Production of pharmaceutical grade [Tl]Thallous chloride using 30 MeV cyclotron.

Multiple patient doses of [Tl]TlCl has been produced using electrodeposited enriched Tl in 30 MeV cyclotron (Cyclone-30) with 28 MeV proton energy at 50 μA beam current for 8 h. Ion Exchange Column Chromatography (IECC) and liquid-liquid extraction has been employed for semi-automated radiochemical separation and purification of produced [Tl]TlCl. The produced [Tl]TlCl was used in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.

A rare case of "Brown tumor" of the axis with parathyroid adenoma and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

"Brown tumors (BTs)" of the spine are benign rare lesions, seen in about 5%-13% of all patients with chronic hyperparathyroidism (HPT). They are not true neoplasms and are also known as osteitis fibrosa cystica or occasionally osteoclastoma. Radiological presentations are often misleading and may mimic other common lesions such as metastasis.

Preparation of [Ga]Ga-Chloride from Zn solid target for the synthesis of pharmaceutical grade [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE.

Ga is produced from enriched zinc-68 target electrodeposited on copper base material which was irradiated with 15 MeV proton energy in 30 MeV cyclotron. A modified semi-automated separation and purification module was used to obtain pharmaceutical grade [Ga]GaCl in 35 ± 5 min. The quality of [Ga]GaCl produced was in accordance with Pharmeuropa 30.

The Nose that Broke the Hip! Tumor Induced Osteomalacia Secondary to Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Nasal Tumor : A Case Report.

Tumor induced osteomalacia is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by usually small mesenchymal tumors. The tumors are commonly located in the extremities whereas occurrence in the nasal cavity is quite rare. An 18 year old male presented with asymmetric weakness of both lower limbs and difficulty in walking since one year.

Effect of diurnal changes on dichotic listening in younger adults with normal hearing.

Background: Diurnal changes can be defined as the time of the day over an individual's performance level for different activities that involve physical and mental tasks.

Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of diurnal changes in scores obtained for the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel paradigm by young adults with normal hearing sensitivity.

Method: Based on the 'Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire' given by Horne & Ostberg, the subjects were divided into moderately-morning, intermediate and moderately-evening categories.

Clinical doses production of pharmaceutical grade Sodium[F]Fluoride using modified integrated fluidic processor in a SYNTHERA® module.

A fully automated large-scale production of sodium [F]fluoride ([F]NaF) using SYNTHERA module with a modification in integrated fluidic processor (IFP) is reported. This modified IFP module is used to prepare [F]NaF with more than 98% non-decay corrected radiochemical yield (RCY) within 5 min with specifications in accordance with United State Pharmacopeia (USP) monograph. The graphical user interface (GUI) is designed to perform the synthesis steps either manually or automatically and give information to the operator during the course of production.

Hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal solid wastes for high quality bio-crude production using glycerol as co-solvent.

This study is focused on the valorization of heterogeneous municipal solid waste collected from the landfill using hydrothermal liquefaction process using glycerol as a co-solvent. The effects of temperature (300-350 °C) and residence time (15-45 min) on the yields and quality of the product fractions were investigated at 8 wt% solid loading. The yield of bio-crude significantly increased from 15.

Marker Assisted Gene Pyramiding (MAGP) for bacterial blight and blast resistance into mega rice variety "Tellahamsa".

Bacterial blight (BB) and fungal blast diseases are the major biotic constraints that limit rice productivity. To sustain yield improvement in rice, it is necessary to developed yield potential of the rice varieties by incorporation of biotic stress resistance genes. Tellahamsa is a well-adapted popular high yielding rice variety in Telangana state, India.

Toward a Stable and Potent Coenzyme A-Targeting Antiplasmodial Agent: Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of -Phenethyl-α-methyl-pantothenamide.

Pantothenamides (PanAms) are potent antiplasmodials with low human toxicity currently being investigated as antimalarials with a novel mode of action. These structural analogues of pantothenate, the vitamin precursor of the essential cofactor coenzyme A, are susceptible to degradation by pantetheinase enzymes present in serum. We previously discovered that α-methylation of the β-alanine moiety of PanAms increases their stability in serum and identified -phenethyl-α-methyl-pantothenamide as a pantetheinase-resistant PanAm with potent, on-target, and selective antiplasmodial activity.

Influence of bioprocess variables on the production of extracellular chitinase under submerged fermentation by strain KLSL55.

Chitinases are the enzymes which are capable of hydrolyzing chitin to its monomer N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNac). Present study emphasizes on the impact of critical process variables on the production of chitinase from strain KLSL55. Initially the isolate was noticed to produce 84.

Direct Recording of Cardiac and Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity Shows Differential Control in Renovascular Hypertension.

There is increasing evidence that hypertension is initiated and maintained by elevated sympathetic tone. Increased sympathetic drive to the heart is linked to cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension and worsens prognosis. However, cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) has not previously been directly recorded in hypertension.

Copper(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Anilines, Methyl Arenes, and TMSN via C(sp/sp)-H Functionalization and C-N Bond Formation.

Copper(II)-catalyzed cross-coupling of anilines, methyl arenes, and TMSN in the presence of tert-butylhydroperoxide at moderate temperature produced 2-aryl benzimidazoles via a tandem C(sp/sp)-H functionalization and C-N bond formations. The selectivity and multiple C-H functionalization of the simple substrates are significant practical features.

Investigation of Endocytic Pathways for the Internalization of Exosome-Associated Oligomeric Alpha-Synuclein.

Misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αsyn) resulting in cytotoxicity is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. The recent body of evidence indicates that αsyn can be released from neuronal cells by nonconventional exocytosis involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes. The transfer of αsyn between cells has been proposed to be an important mechanism of disease propagation in PD.

Assessment of serum copper, iron and immune complexes in potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer.

Potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of oral cavity and oral cancer remain a cause of serious concern despite intensive research and development. Diet and immunity have been identified to play a crucial role as modifying factors in these diseases. Our study intended to explore this relationship by estimating and comparing the serum levels of copper, iron and circulating immune complexes (CICs) in patients diagnosed with PMDs and oral cancer and normal healthy individuals.

Prevalence of disability among adults using Rapid Assessment of Disability tool in a rural district of South India.

Background: There are different estimates of disability prevalence reported in India due to the differences in definitions and methodologies. Reliable data is needed to plan effective disability inclusive strategies.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with disability among adults ≥18 years of age in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh using the Rapid Assessment of Disability (RAD) tool.

Copper(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Anilines, Primary Alkyl Amines, and Sodium Azide Using TBHP: A Route to 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles.

Copper(II)-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of anilines, primary alkyl amines, and sodium azide is described in the presence of TBHP at moderate temperature. This one-pot multicomponent protocol involves a domino C-H functionalization, transimination, ortho-selective amination, and a cyclization sequence. The broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility are the significant practical features.

Copper(I)-catalyzed regioselective amination of N-aryl imines using TMSN3 and TBHP: a route to substituted benzimidazoles.

A novel and efficient copper-catalyzed amination of N-aryl imines is described. This one-pot, multicomponent reaction, in which imine acts as a directing group by chelating to the metal center, affords a potential route for the transformation of the commercial aryl amines, aldehydes, and azides into valuable benzimidazole structural units with wide substrate scope and diversity. The synthetic and mechanistic aspects are presented.

Cretinism presenting as a pseudotumour.

A 43-year-old man from a remote part of India (over 1800 km from our institution), presented with a headache of 3 years duration. He was of short stature, had delayed puberty and was mentally retarded. On evaluation he was detected to have primary hypothyroidism with markedly elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone titres.

RET mutations in a large indian family with medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a tumor arising from the para follicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland and can occur either sporadically or as part of an inherited syndrome. A proportion of these cases carry an autosomal dominant mutation in the RET (REarranged during Transfection) proto-oncogene. Screening for these mutations in the affected patients and the carriers "at risk" which includes the first-degree relatives is of utmost importance for early detection and prompt treatment including prophylactic thyroidectomy in cases that harbor these mutations.

Congenital hypothyroidism presenting as menorrhagia in adulthood.

Although hypothyroidism is a common cause of menorrhagia, it is an uncommon presentation of congenital hypothyroidism. We report a case of congenital hypothyroidism presenting in adulthood with severe menorrhagia. Despite the late presentation, she had features to suggest hypothyroidism since birth.