Gender Disparity in Breast Cancer: A Veteran Population-Based Comparison.

Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) comprises <1% of all cancers and continues to rise. Because of rarity, there is paucity in the literature; therefore, management of MBC is generalized from female breast cancer (FBC).

Methods: Data from 152 VA Medical Centers were used to analyze the database of Veteran patient with breast cancer diagnosed between 1998 and 2016 using biostatistical software (SAS 9.

Important role of annexin A2 (ANXA2) in new blood vessel development in vivo and human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) growth.

Development of new blood vessels in the tumor microenvironment is an essential component of tumor progression during which newly formed blood vessels nourish tumor cells and play a critical role in rapid tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Nevertheless, how tumor cells develop new blood vessels in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been enigmatic. Previously, we have shown specific overexpression of ANX A2 in TNBC cells regulates plasmin generation and suspected a role in neoangiogenesis.

Highly atom-economical, catalyst-free, and solvent-free phosphorylation of chalcogenides.

Silica gel promoted, catalyst-free and solvent-free S-P, Se-P and Te-P bond formations are described. A variety of disulfides coupled with diarylphosphine oxides provide the corresponding phosphinothioates in excellent yields. For the first time, diselenides and ditellurides reacted with dialkyl phosphites under catalyst-free conditions to provide the corresponding phosphoroselenoates and phosphorotelluroates, respectively, in good to excellent yields.

Annexin A2 (ANX A2): An emerging biomarker and potential therapeutic target for aggressive cancers.

ANX A2 is an important member of annexin family of proteins expressed on surface of endothelial cells (ECs), macrophages, mononuclear cells and various types of cancer cells. It exhibits high affinity binding for calcium (Ca ) and phospholipids. ANX A2 plays an important role in many biological processes such as endocytosis, exocytosis, autophagy, cell-cell communications and biochemical activation of plasminogen.

Long-term efficacy and downstream mechanism of anti-annexinA2 monoclonal antibody (anti-ANX A2 mAb) in a pre-clinical model of aggressive human breast cancer.

There is considerable direct evidence that calcium binding protein ANX A2 is a potential target for treating aggressive breast cancer. The most compelling data are based on the finding of ANX A2 overexpression in aggressive triple negative human breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines and in human breast cancer tissues. Previously, we and others reported a unique role of ANX A2 in cancer invasion, including breast cancer.

Elicitation of Diosgenin Production in Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) Seedlings by Methyl Jasmonate.

The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), an elicitor of plant defense mechanisms, on the biosynthesis of diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, were investigated in six fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) varieties (Gujarat Methi-2, Kasuri-1, Kasuri-2, Pusa Early Branching, Rajasthan Methi and Maharashtra Methi-5). Treatment with 0.01% MeJA increased diosgenin levels, in 12 days old seedlings, from 0.

Butanolides from methanolic extract of Litsea glutinosa.

Phytochemical investigations of a MeOH extract obtained from the heartwoods of the Litsea glutinosa (Lauraceae) led to the isolation and characterization of four new butenolides, (3R,4S,5S)-2-hexadecyl-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanolide 1, litsealactone C (2), and litsealactone D (4), litsealactone G (5), and a new benzoic acid derivative named eusmoside C (3). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral studies.

Amelioration of altered oxidant/antioxidant balance of Indian water buffaloes with subclinical mastitis by vitamins A, D3, E, and H supplementation.

The effect of vitamins A, D3, E, and H supplementation on oxidative stress indices in Indian water buffaloes suffering from subclinical mastitis was investigated. Changes in the total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in milk were evaluated before and after the supplementation of vitamins A, D3, E, and H. The buffaloes suffering from subclinical mastitis revealed remarkable alterations in the milk oxidants/antioxidants balance shifted towards oxidative status.

Antioxidant activity and protection of pancreatic β-cells by embelin in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of embelin in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Methods:   Diabetes was induced in rats fasted overnight by the administration of a single dose of streptozotocin, and analyzed for blood, serum, and biological and histological pancreatic tissue parameters in intact control, diabetic, and embelin-treated diabetic rats (n = 9) at the dose levels of 15, 25, and 30 mg/kg/day for 21 days.

Results: Diabetes caused highly significant abnormalities in blood, serum, and pancreatic tissue biochemical parameters.

Antibody-directed neutralization of annexin II (ANX II) inhibits neoangiogenesis and human breast tumor growth in a xenograft model.

Activation of the fibrinolytic pathway has long been associated with human breast cancer. Plasmin is the major end product of the fibrinolytic pathway and is critical for normal physiological functions. The mechanism by which plasmin is generated in breast cancer is not yet fully described.

The role of apoptosis in immunosuppression of dogs with demodicosis.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the status of apoptosis in peripheral blood leukocytes of dogs with demodicosis. A total of 26 dogs suffering from demodicosis, and positive for Demodex canis mites by skin scraping, participated in the study, 13 with localized demodicosis (LD) and 13 with generalized demodicosis (GD). A further 13 clinically healthy dogs, all of whom were negative for mites upon skin scraping, were used as controls.

Psoroptes cuniculi induced oxidative imbalance in rabbits and its alleviation by using vitamins A, D3, E, and H as adjunctive remedial.

The oxidant/antioxidant balance of rabbits naturally infected with Psoroptes cuniculi and treated with ivermectin +/- vitamins A, D(3), E, and H supplementation was investigated. Two groups of seven mixed ♂ and ♀, 6-to-8 month-old New Zealand White rabbits, diagnosed Psoroptes mites-positive by skin scraping examination and seven clinically healthy control rabbits were examined. Blood samples were obtained on day 0 and at 28 days post-therapy to determine oxidative stress indices.

Breast cancer cell surface annexin II induces cell migration and neoangiogenesis via tPA dependent plasmin generation.

Annexin II, an abundant phospholipids binding cell surface protein, binds tPA and functions as a regulator of fibrinolysis. Annexin II also mediates angiogenesis and enhances tumor growth and metastasis. However, the mechanism supporting this role is not known.

Effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on oxidative stress indices and cortisol level in blood in water buffaloes during pregnancy and early postpartum period.

Pregnancy is a physiology state accompanied by high energy and oxygen demand that may lead to increased level of oxidative stress and development of metabolic and reproductive disorders in pregnant water buffaloes. In the present study, the alterations in serum cortisol and erythrocyte lipid peroxides and superoxide dismutase activities were examined in 28 pregnant water buffaloes supplemented with antioxidant nutrients, Vitamin E and selenium. Another 14 buffaloes did not receive any treatment during pregnancy to serve as negative control.

Inflammation, microenvironment, and the immune system in cancer progression.

Since Virchow first proposed in 1863 that tumors could originate from sites of chronic inflammation, it has been well established that chronic inflammation both contributes to cancer progression and predisposes tissue to various types of cancer. Experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies have all demonstrated the strong association between chronic inflammation and cancer, and many studies have correlated the prolonged presence of the inflammatory milieu with an increased risk for developing cancer. Proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, which regulate the sequential recruitment of leukocytes, are frequently observed in tumor microenvironment.

The role of annexin II in angiogenesis and tumor progression: a potential therapeutic target.

It is well established that human tumors overproduce plasmin a serine protease that is known to promote angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. However, the mechanism by which endothelial or tumor cells regulate the proteolytic activity of plasmin is not well understood. Cell surface receptors regulate activation of plasminogen to plasmin and its proteolytic activity.

Hastyăyurvĕda--a complete treatise on elephants.

Ayurvĕda, the oldest existing medical science of India, which is not only responsible for the health of human beings but also, plays an important in Veterinary sciences. In India, history of traditional Veterinary medicine dates back to the era of Mahăbhărata i.e.

Post traumatic pituitary apoplexy with contiguous intra cerebral hematoma operated through endonasal route--a case report.

Pituitary apoplexy is a clinical syndrome occurring as a consequence of fulminant expansion of pituitary tumor due to massive infarction, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Its association with head injury is rare and only few reports are available. Shear forces on stalk and arterial vasospasm have been proposed to be the possible reasons.

Roscovitine regulates invasive breast cancer cell (MDA-MB231) proliferation and survival through cell cycle regulatory protein cdk5.

Roscovitine, a purine analogue, has been considered for the treatment of cancer. Anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy is being evaluated in clinical trials. However, the mechanisms remain unclear.

Angiogenesis-associated protein annexin II in breast cancer: selective expression in invasive breast cancer and contribution to tumor invasion and progression.

Many advanced human tumors including breast cancer overproduce plasmin that is known to promote angiogenesis and metastasis. The mechanism of this effect is poorly understood. Here we report that annexin II, an endothelial co-receptor for tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) and plasminogen, was undetectable in normal and hyperplastic ductal epithelial cells and ductal complexes.

Antibody-directed targeting of angiostatin's receptor annexin II inhibits Lewis Lung Carcinoma tumor growth via blocking of plasminogen activation: possible biochemical mechanism of angiostatin's action.

Angiostatin, the N-terminal four kringles (K1-4) of parent molecule plasminogen, is reported to block Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) tumor growth and metastasis. However, angiostatin's mechanism of action is unclear. We earlier reported that angiostatin binds to cell surface annexin II through the lysine-binding domain (kringles 1-4) [Tuszynski, G.

Structural modifications of plumieride isolated from Plumeria bicolor and the effect of these modifications on in vitro anticancer activity.

Plumieride was isolated as one of the major components from the biologically active methanolic extract of the bark of Plumeria bicolor (family Apocynaceae). For investigating the effect of substituents on cytotoxic activity it was modified into a series of compounds. Replacing the methyl ester functionality of plumieride with alkyl amides of variable carbon units improved the cytotoxic activity, and a correlation between overall lipophilicity and cytotoxic activity was observed.