Publications by authors named "Mahendradas P"

Purpose: We describe a rare complication of macular hole formation in rickettsia post-fever retinitis.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective observational case report of a patient who presented with post-fever retinitis and cystoid macular edema that later progressed to a macular hole. Clinical record and multimodal imaging including fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were analyzed.

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In the dynamic field of ophthalmology, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative tool in managing complex conditions like uveitis. Characterized by diverse inflammatory responses, uveitis presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This systematic review explores the role of AI in advancing diagnostic precision, optimizing therapeutic approaches, and improving patient outcomes in uveitis care.

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Purpose: To report the multimodal imaging findings in the case of unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy (UAIM) associated with infection in a young girl with good clinical outcome.

Methods: Rare case report with multimodal imaging including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), autofluorescence, multicolor imaging, OCT angiography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and polarization sensitive OCT (PS-OCT).

Results: A 13-year-old girl presented with blurring of vision in the left eye (OS).

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Purpose: To report a case of punctate inner choroiditis (PIC) and subsequent choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) development in a young, high myope following vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Case Description: A 44-year-old male with high myopia underwent pars plana vitrectomy for subtotal retinal detachment in the left eye, followed by cataract extraction and silicone oil removal. Three years postoperatively, he presented with blurred vision, and fundus examination revealed PIC lesions at the posterior pole.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigated sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) by examining its incidence, timing, causes, and associated visual outcomes following intraocular procedures, using data from multiple cohorts between 2017 and 2021.
  • - A total of 159 patients were identified with SO, with the median time from the inciting event to SO being 151 days; notably, only two patients developed SO after open globe trauma, while none occurred after vitrectomy.
  • - Visual outcomes were poor, especially for the inciting eye, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to improve vision in the sympathizing eye.
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Article Synopsis
  • Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a severe eye condition that threatens vision and often requires urgent treatment to avoid lasting damage.
  • A study reviewed 35 cases of primary treatment failure (PTF) in ARN, identifying issues like drug resistance and exploring alternative and combination therapies.
  • The review also discusses potential new treatment approaches, including vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, which may offer better future management of ARN.
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This report describes a challenging case of refractory acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with peripapillary choroiditis as the initial presenting sign. Imaging studies confirmed multifocal choroidal lesions and noted the novel sign of vertical hyper-reflective strips (VHRS) in the outer nuclear layer. Initial treatment with acyclovir and valacyclovir failed, and involvement of the other eye suggested a resistant variant of varicella zoster virus.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The patient was diagnosed with CMV retinitis, a condition often linked with weakened immune systems in HIV patients, confirmed through PCR testing despite negative HIV serology.
  • * The case emphasizes the importance of using viral load and CD4 count tests to accurately diagnose HIV in cases where initial serological tests return negative results but clinical suspicion remains high.
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Purpose: To report a case of mumps-associated outer retinitis, diagnostic, and therapeutic challenges associated with the disease.

Method: Retrospective observational case report.

Results: An 8-year-old male child on presentation had a history of mumps infection following which he developed outer retinitis.

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A woman in her late 30s presented with sudden diminution of vision, redness and pain in the right eye (OD) of 10 days' duration. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/160 in OD and 20/20 in the left eye (OS). Anterior segment of OD showed keratic precipitates, flare 3+, cells 2+ and a festooned pupil.

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Purpose: To study the choroidal thickness (CT) and central macular thickness (CMT) in post-fever retinitis (PFR) and their correlation with visual acuity and treatment.

Methods: A retrospective, observational study of patients presenting with PFR from 2013 to 2021 and with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) (Heidelberg®, SpectralisTM, Heidelberg, Germany) images were included. The CT and CMT were measured at presentation and at the final visit.

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Purpose: To compare various ocular thermography parameters in posterior scleritis (PS), choroiditis (choroidal granuloma [CG], Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada [VKH] syndrome), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), and healthy controls.

Methods: This retrospective, observational, comparative study evaluated cases undergoing ocular thermography between April 2017 and October 2023. The study groups included cases of PS, CG, and VKH, while the control group comprised CSCR cases and healthy individuals.

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Purpose: To study cases of Fuchs' uveitis (FU) diagnosed as uveitis other than FU at initial visits.

Methods: A retrospective, observational chart review. Details of clinical presentation, initial diagnosis, treatment details, and follow-up before and after the diagnosis of FU was studied.

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Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is a rare form of posterior uveitis characterized by involvement in the posterior pole and mid-periphery. A viral etiology that provokes an immune-mediated response has been hypothesized to be the inciting factor of the pathology. Recently, there has been an increase in the literature regarding new-onset uveitis and reactivation of previously diagnosed cases of uveitis following COVID-19 vaccinations.

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Purpose: To describe the most important cause of infectious posterior uveitis in pediatric patients.

Methods: Review of the literature.

Results: The most important causes of infectious uveitis in pediatric patients are: cat-scratch disease, toxocariasis, tuberculosis, viral diseases and toxoplasmosis.

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Objective: To describe a case of bilateral retinal vasculitis due to presumed sarcoidosis and rickettsial retinitis complicated with neovascularization with tear biomarker analysis.

Methods: A retrospective case report.

Results: A 16-year-old male presented with bilateral retinal vasculitis and retinitis in both eyes with inferotemporal quadrant neovascularization in the right eye.

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Anterior uveitis is the most common type of uveitis worldwide. The etiologies of anterior uveitis can be divided into infectious and non-infectious (idiopathic, autoimmune, autoinflammatory, trauma, and others). The viral pathogens most commonly associated with infectious anterior uveitis include Herpes Simplex Virus, Varicella-Zoster Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Rubella Virus.

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Acute retinal necrosis is a progressive intraocular inflammatory syndrome characterized by diffuse necrotizing retinitis that can lead to a poor visual outcome, mainly from retinal detachment. The antiviral treatment approach for acute retinal necrosis varies as there are no established guidelines. We summarize the outcomes of acute retinal necrosis with available antiviral treatments.

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Purpose: Chikungunya is a re-emerging viral infection across the globe. The purpose of this article is to review the systemic and ophthalmic manifestations associated with chikungunya fever.

Method: A review of literature was conducted using online databases.

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Background: Immunologic and inflammatory adverse effects following vaccination against COVID-19 are being reported. While some reactions may develop denovo others concern its immunogenic effect in patients with pre-existing inflammatory conditions.

Methods: Retrospective consecutive patients diagnosed with ocular inflammatory manifestations within 8 weeks of receiving COVID-19 vaccination who presented to a tertiary eye care centre in South India.

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To demonstrate viral proteins/inflammatory cytokines in a patient with unilateral keratouveitis. Retrospective case report. A 70-year-old Asian-Indian male presented with acute onset of blurring of vision in the left eye (OS) of 2 days duration.

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Purpose: To study the clinical presentation and treatment outcome of epidemic retinitis (ER) during pregnancy.

Methods: This is a retrospective, observational chart review of pregnant patients diagnosed with ER from January 2014 to February 2023. Demographic details, month of pregnancy at the onset of ocular symptoms, history of present illness, clinical manifestations, and treatment outcomes were studied.

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