Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) and Ferulic Acid Esterase (FAE) Producing Psychobiotic Bacteria Isolated from Cereal-Based Fermented Food.

Gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating enteric, immune and neural pathways. Many neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, autism and cognitive behaviour are associated with gut dysbiosis. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and short-chain fatty acids produced by gut bacteria influence gastrointestinal and neurological functions.

Plant-Based Nutraceutical Formulation Modulates the Human Gut Microbiota and Ferulic Acid Esterase Activity During In Vitro Fermentation.

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defences leading to neurological and other chronic disorders. The interaction between food and gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly reduces oxidative stress and influences host physiology and metabolism. This process mainly involves enzymes that hydrolyse complex polysaccharides and produce metabolites.

Diet-gut microbiome interaction and ferulic acid bioavailability: implications on neurodegenerative disorders.

Purpose Of The Review: Ferulic acid (FA), which occurs naturally as the feruloylated sugar ester in grains, fruits, and vegetables, is critical for combating oxidative stress and alleviating neurodegenerative diseases resulting from free radical-generated protein aggregates in brain cells. However, FA cannot be absorbed in conjugated form. Therefore, strategies to improve the bioavailability of FA are gaining more importance.

Studies on effect of multigrain use in the preparation of : A traditional food of Northern part of India (UP, Jharkhand and Bihar).

Present studies were carried out to find the effect of different multigrain viz., finger millet, foxtail millet and little millet on . The multigrain powder was blended in whole wheat flour.

Prophylactic effect of pectic oligosaccharides against poly I: C- induced virus-like infection in BALB/c mice.

Pectin oligosaccharides (POS) are pectin-derived prebiotics that exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the host and stimulates an innate immune response. The role of POS in protective immunity against viral infections is not very obvious. Therefore, the prophylactic effect of POS in the mouse model induced by Poly I: C mimicking viral infection was examined.

Microbial ecology and functional coffee fermentation dynamics with Pichia kudriavzevii.

Specialty coffee can be developed by the application of explicit microorganisms or starters to obtain desired fermentation. In the present study, natural fermentation (NF) of Arabica coffee was carried out spontaneously, the other set was inoculated with Pichia kudriavzevii (Y) starter culture (isolated, identified and mass cultured). The effect of microbial fermentation, metagenomics, production of functional metabolites, volatiles and their sensorial aspects were studied.

Gut Dysbiosis and IL-21 Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19.

Background: The disease severity, ranging from being asymptomatic to having acute illness, and associated inflammatory responses has suggested that alterations in the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the development of chronic disorders due to COVID-19 infection. This study describes gut microbiota dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients and its implications relating to the disease.

Design: A cross sectional prospective study was performed on thirty RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India, between September 10 and 20, 2020.

The Role of Histamine and Histamine Receptors in Mast Cell-Mediated Allergy and Inflammation: The Hunt for New Therapeutic Targets.

Histamine and its receptors (H1R-H4R) play a crucial and significant role in the development of various allergic diseases. Mast cells are multifunctional bone marrow-derived tissue-dwelling cells that are the major producer of histamine in the body. H1R are expressed in many cells, including mast cells, and are involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.

Extremozymes from metagenome: Potential applications in food processing.

The long-established use of enzymes for food processing and product formulation has resulted in an increased enzyme market compounding to 7.0% annual growth rate. Advancements in molecular biology and recognition that enzymes with specific properties have application for industrial production of infant, baby and functional foods boosted research toward sourcing the genes of microorganisms for enzymes with distinctive properties.

Computational modelling and protein-ligand interaction studies of SMlipA lipase cloned from forest metagenome.

The understanding of the 3-dimensional enzyme structure is important for the point of protein engineering and applications. Computer-based molecular modelling is a vital tool for theoretical predication of enzyme activities and finding their substrates and inhibitors. SMlipA lipase was cloned from forest soil metagenome and characterized as broad spectrum enzyme with high stability in various organic solvents.

The role of IL-33 and mast cells in allergy and inflammation.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokine family. It is preferentially and constitutively expressed in different structural cells such as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. During necrosis of these cells (after tissue injury or cell damage), the IL-33 that is released may be recognized by different types of immune cells, such as eosinophils, basophils and, especially, mast cells.

Diversity of glycosyl hydrolase enzymes from metagenome and their application in food industry.

Traditional use of enzymes for food processing and production of food ingredients resulted in fast-growing enzyme industries world over. The advances in technologies gave rise to exploring newer enzymes and/or modified enzymes for specific application. Search for novel enzymes that can augment catalytic efficiency and advances in molecular biology techniques including sequencing has targeted microbial diversity through metagenomic approaches for sourcing enzymes from difficult to culture organisms.

Cloning and molecular modelling of pectin degrading glycosyl hydrolase of family 28 from soil metagenomic library.

Western Ghats of India is recognized as one of the 12 mega diversity regions of the world and is the hot spot for unrevealed microbial diversity. To explore the diversity of polysaccharide degrading enzymes in that region, metagenomic library was constructed from forest soil of Southern Western Ghats region. Nine pectinolytic clones with the ability to degrade citrus pectin were isolated based on function based screening of the library.

Cloning and characterization of two functionally diverse lipases from soil metagenome.

A soil metagenomic library was constructed and two functionally diverse lipase genes, SMlipB and SMlipD, were screened by a function-driven approach and characterized. The optimal temperature for enzyme activity of SMlipB and SMlipD was 50°C and 30°C, respectively, and optimal pH was determined to be 7.0 and 9.

Potential application of pectinase in developing functional foods.

The understanding that enzymatic degradation of fruit pectin can clarify juices and improve juice yields resulted in the search for microbial pectinases and application in vegetable- and fruit-processing industries. Identified enzymes were classified on the basis of their catalytic activity to pectin or its derivatives and in terms of industrial use. Discovery of gene sequences that coded the enzymes, protein engineering, and molecular biology tools resulted in defined microbial strains that over-produced the enzymes for cost-effective technologies.

Prediction of ligand binding site by insilico approach in cold resistant protein isolated from cold resistant mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Cold shock proteins perform vital functions, such as mRNA masking, coupling of transcription to translation and developmental timing and regulation, which aids in survival of microbes in cold stress. Pseudomonas fluorescens is an ecologically important bacterium which helps in plant growth promotion. Since the cold tolerant mutant of the bacterium is able to grow at the temperature ranges from 30 to 4°C, it is of interest to study the process of its survival in the extreme temperatures.

Expression and purification of organic solvent stable lipase from soil metagenomic library.

Gene for organic solvent stable lipase was overexpressed from soil metagenomic library. The clone with maximum activity was selected, and enzyme was purified by gel-permeation chromatography with a molecular mass of approx. 40 kDa.

Comparative protein modeling, prediction of conserved residue and active sites in cold resistant protein isolated from CRPF(1), a cold tolerant mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Proteins interacting with the biological information molecules DNA and RNA play important cellular roles in all organisms. One widespread super family of proteins implicated in such function(s) is cold shock protein (CSP) that contains the cold shock domain (CSD). This work is planned to study the three-dimensional structure, conserved residues, and different active sites in the structure of cold resistant protein (CRP) from CRPF(1), cold tolerant mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescence by comparative homology modeling.

Exploration of Csp genes from temperate and glacier soils of the Indian Himalayas and in silico analysis of encoding proteins.

The metagenomic Csp library was constructed from the temperate and glacier soils of central Himalaya, India followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The library was further screened for low-temperature adaptation, and the positive recombinants were sorted out by determining changes in the melting temperature (Tm). A homology search of cloned sequence showed their identity with the Csp genes of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5, and Shewanella spp MR-4.

Characterization and localization of fluorescent Pseudomonas cold shock protein(s) by monospecific polyclonal antibodies.

Cold shock protein (CSP) from Pseudomonas fluorescens MTCC 103 and cold resistant protein (CRP) from its mutant CRPF8 of 14 and 35 kd, respectively were purified to homogeneity by HPLC. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against these proteins and the expression level was checked at different temperatures, i.e.