A Facile Synthesis of Alkaline Electrolyte Based Graphene Sheets, Their Functionalization and Attachment of Some Drugs.

High-quality graphene is highly enviable material due to its seminal role amongst several areas in modern technology including its role as nanocarrier for site selective drug grafting and delivery applications. Here, we report a facile, cost-effective and single-step method to produce high-quality graphene through customised electrochemical exfoliation of graphite anode in alkaline electrolyte medium. The quality of graphene sheets (GS) were investigated by Raman, TEM/HRTEM, AFM, and FTIR techniques.

Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Leaves and Their Peroxidase-Mimetic Activity for the Detection of HO and Ascorbic Acid in Common Fresh Fruits.

In the present study, an ecofriendly and zero-cost approach has been demonstrated for the preparation of carbon quantum dots by one-pot hydrothermal treatment of leaf extracts of neem (). The as-synthesized neem carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) exhibited high fluorescent quantum yields (QYs) up to 27.2%.

Mustard seeds derived fluorescent carbon quantum dots and their peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of HO and ascorbic acid in a real sample.

Herein, we were synthesized fluorescent carbon quantum dots via facile one-step hydrothermal treatment of mustard seeds (M-CQDs). It showed excellent optical property with fluorescent quantum yield 4.6%.

Peroxidase mimetic activity of fluorescent NS-carbon quantum dots and their application in colorimetric detection of HO and glutathione in human blood serum.

Interest is growing in the development of artificial enzymes to overcome the drawbacks of natural enzymes. Herein, we have synthesized nitrogen-sulphur dual-doped carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs) via a one-step hydrothermal method; the NS-CQDs possess excellent optical properties and a high fluorescent quantum yield (46%). Significantly, the NS-CQDs exhibited peroxidase mimetic enzyme activity without support from metals or polymeric materials and efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of peroxidase substrate 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of HO to produce a blue solution with an absorption maximum at 652 nm.

Covalent immobilization of peanut β-amylase for producing industrial nano-biocatalysts: A comparative study of kinetics, stability and reusability of the immobilized enzyme.

Stability of enzymes is an important parameter for their industrial applicability. Here, we report successful immobilization of β-amylase (bamyl) from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) onto Graphene oxide-carbon nanotube composite (GO-CNT), Graphene oxide nanosheets (GO) and Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO). The Box-Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used which optimized parameters affecting immobilization and gave 90%, 88% and 71% immobilization efficiency, respectively, for the above matrices.

α-Amylase immobilization onto functionalized graphene nanosheets as scaffolds: Its characterization, kinetics and potential applications in starch based industries.

α-Amylase is imperative for starch and its deriviatized industries. Functionalized graphene sheets were tailored and optimized as scaffold for α-amylase immobilization using Response Surface Methodology based on Box-Behnken design, with an overall immobilization efficiency of 85.16%.

Functionalized graphene sheets as immobilization matrix for Fenugreek β-amylase: enzyme kinetics and stability studies.

β-Amylase finds application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Functionalized graphene sheets were customised as a matrix for covalent immobilization of Fenugreek β-amylase using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The factors affecting the process were optimized using Response Surface Methodology based Box-Behnken design of experiment which resulted in 84% immobilization efficiency.

Characterization and evaluation of amine-modified graphene amphotericin B for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: in vivo and in vitro studies.

Amphotericin B (AmB) has been the first-line treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a neglected protozoan disease, especially in regions like Bihar, India, where resistance to antimonials is widespread. However, adverse drug reactions are a major limiting factor. We evaluated a novel formulation of AmB conjugated to amine-modified graphene (f-Gr) for safety and efficacy over conventional AmB.

Cicer α-galactosidase immobilization onto functionalized graphene nanosheets using response surface method and its applications.

Cicer α-galactosidase was immobilized onto functionalized graphene with immobilization efficiency of 84% using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design). The immobilized enzyme had higher thermal stability than the soluble one, attractive for industrial applications. Immobilization of the enzyme lowered the Km to 1/3rd compared to the soluble enzyme.

Immobilization of β-galactosidase onto functionalized graphene nano-sheets using response surface methodology and its analytical applications.

Background: β-Galactosidase is a vital enzyme with diverse application in molecular biology and industries. It was covalently attached onto functionalized graphene nano-sheets for various analytical applications based on lactose reduction.

Methodology/principal Findings: Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design of experiment was used for determination of optimal immobilization conditions, which resulted in 84.

Optimization of process variables by central composite design for the immobilization of urease enzyme on functionalized gold nanoparticles for various applications.

In the present study, enzyme urease has been immobilized on amine-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). AuNPs were synthesized using natural precursor, i.e.

Enzymatic detection of As(III) in aqueous solution using alginate immobilized pumpkin urease: optimization of process variables by response surface methodology.

Urease immobilized on alginate was utilized to detect and quantify As(3+) in aqueous solution. Urease from the seeds of pumpkin (vegetable waste) was purified to apparent homogeneity by heat treatment and gel filtration (Sephadex G-200). Further enzyme was entrapped in 3.

Employment of pumpkin (Cucumis melo) urease entrapped in alginate beads for quantitation of cadmium in aqueous media.

The potential of employment of free as well as alginate-immobilized urease for the quantitation of cadmium (Cd(2+)) was explored. Urease from the seeds of pumpkin (Cucumis melo) was purified to apparent homogeneity by heat treatment at 48 +/- 0.1 degrees C and gel filtration through Sephadex G-200.

Factorial design for the optimization of enzymatic detection of cadmium in aqueous solution using immobilized urease from vegetable waste.

Free as well as alginate immobilized urease was utilized for detection and quantitation of cadmium (Cd2+) in aqueous samples. Urease from the seeds of pumpkin (Cucumis melo), being a vegetable waste, was extracted and purified to apparent homogeneity (Sp. Activity 353 U/mg protein; A280/A260=1.

Enzymatic detection of mercuric ions in ground-water from vegetable wastes by immobilizing pumpkin (Cucumis melo) urease in calcium alginate beads.

Present report describes a quick and simple test based on enzyme inhibition for the detection of mercury in aqueous medium by urease immobilized in alginate beads. Urease was extracted from the discarded seeds of pumpkin (Cucumis melo) and was purified to apparent homogeneity (5.2-fold) by heat treatment at 48+/-0.